{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7137848624","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i31.39796","title":"NADIR: Differential Attention Flow for Non-Autoregressive Transliteration in Indic Languages","display_name":"NADIR: Differential Attention Flow for Non-Autoregressive Transliteration in Indic Languages","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7137848624","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i31.39796"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i31.39796","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i31.39796","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/39796/43757","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/39796/43757","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106954261","display_name":"Lakshya Tomar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57053284","display_name":"Rockwell Automation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01sx1pm50","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57053284"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lakshya Tomar","raw_affiliation_strings":["RocketFrog AI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RocketFrog AI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57053284"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075520691","display_name":"Vinayak Abrol","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8149-8151"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119939252","display_name":"Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/03vfp4g33","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119939252"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vinayak Abrol","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Delhi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Delhi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119939252"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123490863","display_name":"Puneet Agarwal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57053284","display_name":"Rockwell Automation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01sx1pm50","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57053284"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Puneet Agarwal","raw_affiliation_strings":["RocketFrog AI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RocketFrog AI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57053284"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06932574,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"31","first_page":"25958","last_page":"25965"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.2556999921798706,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.2556999921798706,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.20160000026226044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.164000004529953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transliteration","display_name":"Transliteration","score":0.5956000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.508400022983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","score":0.5034999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.45890000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoregressive-model","display_name":"Autoregressive model","score":0.438400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.42160001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.35740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parsing","display_name":"Parsing","score":0.3305000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pascal","display_name":"Pascal (unit)","score":0.32690000534057617}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520968082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134550","display_name":"Transliteration","level":2,"score":0.5956000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.508400022983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.5034999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4936999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4788999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.45890000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159877910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2202883","display_name":"Autoregressive model","level":2,"score":0.438400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.429500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.42160001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.35740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186644900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194152","display_name":"Parsing","level":2,"score":0.3305000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75608658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44395","display_name":"Pascal (unit)","level":2,"score":0.32690000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.3264999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97256817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1462316","display_name":"Spurious relationship","level":2,"score":0.32440000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.3131999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.31119999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.29820001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.29109999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778121359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8096","display_name":"Lexicon","level":2,"score":0.2786000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3770464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963","display_name":"Smoothing","level":2,"score":0.2687999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.2669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32717103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184759","display_name":"Character encoding","level":3,"score":0.2639000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45493050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7884934","display_name":"Unified Model","level":2,"score":0.2615000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2567000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.2529999911785126}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i31.39796","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i31.39796","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/39796/43757","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.aaai.org:article/39796","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/39796","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2159-5399","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i31.39796","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i31.39796","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/39796/43757","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322753","display_name":"Infosys Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03bs18y54"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330597","display_name":"Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/03vfp4g33"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336943","display_name":"Infosys Centre for Artificial Intelligence, Indraprastha institute of Information Technology","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7137848624.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7137848624.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,74],"work,":[2],"we":[3,76],"argue":[4],"that":[5],"not":[6],"all":[7],"sequence-to-sequence":[8],"tasks":[9],"require":[10],"the":[11,36,79,130,148,193,199],"strong":[12],"inductive":[13],"biases":[14],"of":[15,40,142,201],"autoregressive":[16],"(AR)":[17],"models.":[18],"Tasks":[19],"like":[20],"multilingual":[21,80],"transliteration,":[22],"code":[23],"refactoring,":[24],"grammatical":[25],"correction":[26],"or":[27],"text":[28],"normalization":[29],"often":[30],"rely":[31],"on":[32,78],"local":[33],"dependencies":[34],"where":[35],"full":[37],"modeling":[38],"capacity":[39],"AR":[41,132,149,196],"models":[42,60],"can":[43],"be":[44],"overkill,":[45],"creating":[46],"a":[47,89,96,104,108,125,136,154,181],"trade-off":[48],"between":[49,98,195],"their":[50],"high":[51,54],"accuracy":[52,197],"and":[53,68,86,100,107,151,173,187,198],"inference":[55],"latency.":[56],"While":[57],"non-autoregressive":[58],"(NAR)":[59],"offer":[61],"speed,":[62],"they":[63],"typically":[64],"suffer":[65],"from":[66],"hallucinations":[67],"poor":[69],"length":[70],"control.":[71],"To":[72],"explore":[73],"trade-off,":[75],"focus":[77],"transliteration":[81],"task":[82],"in":[83],"Indic":[84],"languages":[85],"introduce":[87],"NADIR,":[88],"novel":[90],"NAR":[91,156,189],"architecture":[92],"designed":[93],"to":[94,113,129,145],"strike":[95],"balance":[97],"speed":[99],"accuracy.":[101],"NADIR":[102,122,159],"integrates":[103],"Differential":[105],"Transformer":[106],"Mixture-of-Experts":[109],"mechanism,":[110],"enabling":[111],"it":[112],"robustly":[114],"model":[115,150],"complex":[116],"character":[117],"mappings":[118],"without":[119],"sequential":[120],"dependencies.":[121],"achieves":[123],"over":[124],"13\u00d7":[126],"speed-up":[127],"compared":[128,144],"state-of-the-art":[131],"baseline.":[133],"It":[134],"maintains":[135],"competitive":[137],"mean":[138],"Character":[139],"Error":[140],"Rate":[141],"15.78%,":[143],"14.44%":[146],"for":[147,153,184],"21.88%":[152],"standard":[155],"equivalent.":[157],"Importantly,":[158],"reduces":[160],"Repetition":[161],"errors":[162,166,170,175],"by":[163,167,171,176],"49.53%,":[164],"Substitution":[165],"24.45%,":[168],"Omission":[169],"32.92%,":[172],"Insertion":[174],"16.87%.":[177],"This":[178],"work":[179],"provides":[180],"practical":[182],"blueprint":[183],"building":[185],"fast":[186],"reliable":[188],"systems,":[190],"effectively":[191],"bridging":[192],"gap":[194],"demands":[200],"real-time,":[202],"large-scale":[203],"deployment.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-03-18T00:00:00"}
