{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2604446244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/hcomp.v4i1.13295","title":"Crowdsourcing Accurate and Creative Word Problems and Hints","display_name":"Crowdsourcing Accurate and Creative Word Problems and Hints","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-09-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2604446244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/hcomp.v4i1.13295","mag":"2604446244"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/hcomp.v4i1.13295","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/hcomp.v4i1.13295","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/HCOMP/article/download/13295/13143","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387284122","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing","issn_l":"2769-1330","issn":["2769-1330","2769-1349"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/HCOMP/article/download/13295/13143","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056297995","display_name":"Yvonne Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-7891"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yvonne Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013700590","display_name":"Travis Mandel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3127-4429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Travis Mandel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113558958","display_name":"Yun-En Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun-En Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Enlearn"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Enlearn","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050910253","display_name":"Zoran Popovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5989-3016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zoran Popovi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056297995"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6578,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89795552,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":"12","last_page":"21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowdsourcing","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","score":0.9271272420883179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.858120322227478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.7684772610664368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/creativity","display_name":"Creativity","score":0.7465159893035889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.6131247878074646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","score":0.48812398314476013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4818947911262512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44200676679611206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.4272023141384125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.41014498472213745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4020245671272278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3396618366241455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.155718594789505}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62230096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275969","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","level":2,"score":0.9271272420883179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.858120322227478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.7684772610664368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11012388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170658","display_name":"Creativity","level":2,"score":0.7465159893035889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6131247878074646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.48812398314476013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4818947911262512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44200676679611206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.4272023141384125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.41014498472213745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4020245671272278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3396618366241455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.155718594789505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1609/hcomp.v4i1.13295","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/hcomp.v4i1.13295","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/HCOMP/article/download/13295/13143","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387284122","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing","issn_l":"2769-1330","issn":["2769-1330","2769-1349"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/hcomp.v4i1.13295","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/hcomp.v4i1.13295","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/HCOMP/article/download/13295/13143","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387284122","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing","issn_l":"2769-1330","issn":["2769-1330","2769-1349"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306137","display_name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0456r8d26"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307873","display_name":"William and Flora Hewlett Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/04hd1y677"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2604446244.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2604446244.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W175509995","https://openalex.org/W1507064413","https://openalex.org/W1565732937","https://openalex.org/W1823973305","https://openalex.org/W1973200191","https://openalex.org/W2034456669","https://openalex.org/W2041411104","https://openalex.org/W2043688868","https://openalex.org/W2049774111","https://openalex.org/W2058179030","https://openalex.org/W2070248097","https://openalex.org/W2117470435","https://openalex.org/W2120012945","https://openalex.org/W2120396827","https://openalex.org/W2127008633","https://openalex.org/W2133485007","https://openalex.org/W2140287075","https://openalex.org/W2148479118","https://openalex.org/W2151401338","https://openalex.org/W2151785234","https://openalex.org/W2168144930","https://openalex.org/W2402499785","https://openalex.org/W2735460460","https://openalex.org/W6607090982","https://openalex.org/W6660660518","https://openalex.org/W6680509805","https://openalex.org/W6682328767","https://openalex.org/W6987405165","https://openalex.org/W7074706539"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387497383","https://openalex.org/W3183948672","https://openalex.org/W3173606202","https://openalex.org/W3110381201","https://openalex.org/W2948807893","https://openalex.org/W2935909890","https://openalex.org/W2778153218","https://openalex.org/W2758277628","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1531601525"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"current":[1],"state-of-the-art":[2],"method":[3],"for":[4],"generating":[5],"educational":[6],"content,":[7],"such":[8,79],"as":[9,80],"math":[10],"word":[11,96],"problems":[12],"and":[13,27,39,55,157,178],"hints,":[14],"is":[15,23,52,58,100,107,128],"manual":[16],"authoring":[17],"by":[18],"domain":[19],"experts.":[20],"Unfortunately,":[21],"this":[22],"costly,":[24],"time":[25,38],"consuming,":[26],"produces":[28],"content":[29,50],"that":[30,51,105,172],"lacks":[31],"diversity.":[32],"Attempts":[33],"to":[34,75,110,132],"automatically":[35],"address":[36],"the":[37],"diversity":[40],"issues":[41],"through":[42],"natural":[43],"language":[44],"generation":[45],"still":[46],"do":[47],"not":[48,129],"produce":[49],"sufficiently":[53],"creative":[54],"varied.":[56],"Crowdsourcing":[57],"a":[59,66,94,101,159],"viable":[60],"alternative":[61],"-":[62],"there":[63],"has":[64],"been":[65],"great":[67],"deal":[68],"of":[69,161],"research":[70],"on":[71],"leveraging":[72],"human":[73],"creativity":[74],"solve":[76],"complex":[77,89,119],"problems,":[78],"user":[81],"interface":[82],"design.":[83],"However,":[84],"these":[85,134],"systems":[86],"typically":[87],"decompose":[88],"tasks":[90],"into":[91],"subtasks.":[92],"Writing":[93],"single":[95],"problem":[97,104],"or":[98,138],"hint":[99],"small":[102],"enough":[103],"it":[106,113,127],"unclear":[108],"how":[109,131],"further":[111],"break":[112],"down,":[114],"but":[115],"also":[116],"far":[117],"more":[118],"than":[120],"typical":[121],"microtasks":[122],"like":[123],"image":[124],"labeling.":[125],"Therefore,":[126],"obvious":[130],"apply":[133],"worker":[135],"improvement":[136],"methods":[137],"which":[139],"ones":[140],"are":[141],"most":[142],"effective":[143],"(if":[144],"at":[145],"all).":[146],"We":[147],"build":[148],"upon":[149],"successful":[150],"task":[151,174],"design":[152],"factors":[153],"in":[154],"prior":[155],"work":[156],"run":[158],"series":[160],"iterative":[162],"studies,":[163],"incrementally":[164],"adding":[165],"different":[166],"worker-support":[167],"elements.":[168],"Our":[169],"results":[170],"show":[171],"successive":[173],"designs":[175],"improved":[176],"accuracy":[177],"creativity.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
