{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2145236880","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v32i2.2336","title":"An Application of Transfer to American Football: From Observation of Raw Video to Control in a Simulated Environment","display_name":"An Application of Transfer to American Football: From Observation of Raw Video to Control in a Simulated Environment","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2145236880","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v32i2.2336","mag":"2145236880"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aimag.v32i2.2336","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v32i2.2336","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/aimagazine/article/download/2336/2208","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S163019073","display_name":"AI Magazine","issn_l":"0738-4602","issn":["0738-4602","2371-9621"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/aimagazine/article/download/2336/2208","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043938358","display_name":"David John Stracuzzi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104735","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David J. Stracuzzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sandia National Laboratories","Sandia National Lab"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandia National Laboratories","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandia National Lab","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030052689","display_name":"Alan Fern","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5851-8935"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan Fern","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oregon State University","Oregon State University>"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon State University>","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109881823","display_name":"Kamal Ali","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamal Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109038343","display_name":"Robin He\u00df","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robin Hess","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oregon State University","Oregon State University>"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon State University>","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023887587","display_name":"Jervis Pinto","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jervis Pinto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oregon State University","Oregon State University>"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon State University>","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100341073","display_name":"Nan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7272-4273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090457873","display_name":"Tolga K\u00f6nik","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tolga K\u00f6nik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108141570","display_name":"Dan Shapiro","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143426","display_name":"Institute for the Study of Learning and Expertise","ror":"https://ror.org/036zxgb71","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143426"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Shapiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for the Study of Learning and Expertise"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for the Study of Learning and Expertise","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143426"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043938358"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8794,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92744976,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"2","first_page":"107","last_page":"125"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11439","display_name":"Video Analysis and Summarization","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11439","display_name":"Video Analysis and Summarization","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11674","display_name":"Sports Analytics and Performance","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7351362705230713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generality","display_name":"Generality","score":0.676535964012146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.6511319875717163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.6471003293991089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6279405355453491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6138432025909424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.6034405827522278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5493119955062866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/football","display_name":"Football","score":0.4850274920463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trace","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","score":0.4517273008823395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4513886272907257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.44083479046821594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.4327007532119751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.43066054582595825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-game","display_name":"Video game","score":0.4206979274749756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3439061641693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.27076464891433716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.21882891654968262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18116486072540283}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7351362705230713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780767217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532421","display_name":"Generality","level":2,"score":0.676535964012146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.6511319875717163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.6471003293991089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6279405355453491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6138432025909424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.6034405827522278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5493119955062866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778444522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1081491","display_name":"Football","level":2,"score":0.4850274920463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75291252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1315756","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4517273008823395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4513886272907257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.44083479046821594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.4327007532119751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.43066054582595825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018412434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7889","display_name":"Video game","level":2,"score":0.4206979274749756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3439061641693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27076464891433716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.21882891654968262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18116486072540283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1609/aimag.v32i2.2336","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v32i2.2336","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/aimagazine/article/download/2336/2208","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S163019073","display_name":"AI Magazine","issn_l":"0738-4602","issn":["0738-4602","2371-9621"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aimag.v32i2.2336","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v32i2.2336","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/aimagazine/article/download/2336/2208","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S163019073","display_name":"AI Magazine","issn_l":"0738-4602","issn":["0738-4602","2371-9621"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1740532934","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8750-05-2-0283","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G27938257","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS\u20100546867","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3249193230","display_name":"CAREER: Penalty Logic for Structured Machine Learning","funder_award_id":"0546867","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4713059963","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8750","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6750401243","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8750\u201005\u20102\u20100283","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2145236880.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2145236880.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W113905334","https://openalex.org/W370177488","https://openalex.org/W1497337834","https://openalex.org/W1506146479","https://openalex.org/W1559754312","https://openalex.org/W1599451519","https://openalex.org/W2067927994","https://openalex.org/W2082689007","https://openalex.org/W2088563966","https://openalex.org/W2098723043","https://openalex.org/W2109727766","https://openalex.org/W2124384194","https://openalex.org/W2125027602","https://openalex.org/W2126565096","https://openalex.org/W2128042633","https://openalex.org/W2128160875","https://openalex.org/W2147654722","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2162792036","https://openalex.org/W2163445345","https://openalex.org/W2180809782","https://openalex.org/W2181617391","https://openalex.org/W2531563875","https://openalex.org/W2541673242","https://openalex.org/W2621541520","https://openalex.org/W2964347905","https://openalex.org/W2970264147","https://openalex.org/W4251331807","https://openalex.org/W4254446689","https://openalex.org/W4301914006"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2045049461","https://openalex.org/W4381094582","https://openalex.org/W1978893398","https://openalex.org/W1977906818","https://openalex.org/W2201908702","https://openalex.org/W2369625323","https://openalex.org/W2364579609","https://openalex.org/W1522139108","https://openalex.org/W2353528968","https://openalex.org/W2740745227"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"transfer":[1],"of":[2,23,49,52,88,99,102],"learned":[3],"knowledge":[4,51],"from":[5,55,69],"one":[6],"task":[7],"or":[8],"domain":[9],"to":[10,15,33,58],"another":[11],"offers":[12],"great":[13],"potential":[14],"simplify":[16],"and":[17,21,75,91],"expedite":[18],"the":[19,46,70,78,81,100],"construction":[20],"deployment":[22],"intelligent":[24],"systems.":[25],"In":[26,37],"practice":[27],"however,":[28],"there":[29],"are":[30],"many":[31],"barriers":[32],"achieving":[34],"this":[35,38,103],"goal.":[36],"article,":[39],"we":[40],"present":[41],"a":[42,61,97],"prototype":[43],"system":[44],"for":[45,105],"real\u2010world":[47],"context":[48],"transferring":[50],"American":[53],"football":[54],"video":[56,72],"observation":[57],"control":[59],"in":[60,77],"game":[62],"simulator.":[63],"We":[64,93],"trace":[65],"an":[66],"example":[67],"play":[68],"raw":[71],"through":[73],"execution":[74],"adaptation":[76],"simulator,":[79],"highlighting":[80],"system's":[82],"component":[83],"algorithms":[84],"along":[85,108],"with":[86,96,109],"issues":[87],"complexity,":[89],"generality,":[90],"scale.":[92],"then":[94],"conclude":[95],"discussion":[98],"implications":[101],"work":[104],"other":[106],"applications,":[107],"several":[110],"possible":[111],"improvements.":[112]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-15T09:29:46.208133","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}