{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415230738","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aies.v8i1.36573","title":"Bridging Research Gaps Between Academic Research and Legal Investigations of Algorithmic Discrimination","display_name":"Bridging Research Gaps Between Academic Research and Legal Investigations of Algorithmic Discrimination","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415230738","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aies.v8i1.36573"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aies.v8i1.36573","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aies.v8i1.36573","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AIES/article/download/36573/38711","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407048695","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI/ACM Conference on AI Ethics and Society","issn_l":"3065-8365","issn":["3065-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AIES/article/download/36573/38711","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073763343","display_name":"Charles Chien","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134446601","display_name":"Berkeley College","ror":"https://ror.org/02xewxa75","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134446601"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Colleen V. Chien","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC Berkeley"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134446601","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Anna Zink","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121934306","display_name":"Tufts University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wvpxv85","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Zink","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tufts University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tufts University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102780589","display_name":"Irene Y. Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0173-9133"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134446601","display_name":"Berkeley College","ror":"https://ror.org/02xewxa75","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134446601"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irene Y. Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC Berkeley\nUCSF"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC Berkeley\nUCSF","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134446601"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.673,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86010411,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"591","last_page":"604"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13851","display_name":"Law, AI, and Intellectual Property","score":0.9038000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13851","display_name":"Law, AI, and Intellectual Property","score":0.9038000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enforcement","display_name":"Enforcement","score":0.590499997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4896000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.4627000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-enforcement","display_name":"Law enforcement","score":0.41519999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class-action","display_name":"Class action","score":0.40310001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.38839998841285706}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.590499997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5156999826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4896000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4627000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44554","display_name":"Law enforcement","level":2,"score":0.41519999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4113999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776687834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2783852","display_name":"Class action","level":3,"score":0.40310001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.392300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.38839998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993819037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836925","display_name":"Legal action","level":2,"score":0.3781999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.36570000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522695570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6517578","display_name":"Legal research","level":2,"score":0.2921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.29019999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776889015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282532","display_name":"Disparate impact","level":3,"score":0.2881999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780858371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5440427","display_name":"Federal Rules of Civil Procedure","level":3,"score":0.27869999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67497173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q977345","display_name":"Legal aspects of computing","level":3,"score":0.2775999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.2768999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.27410000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.2662000060081482}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1609/aies.v8i1.36573","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aies.v8i1.36573","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AIES/article/download/36573/38711","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407048695","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI/ACM Conference on AI Ethics and Society","issn_l":"3065-8365","issn":["3065-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.aaai.org:article/36573","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AIES/article/view/36573","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"3065-8365","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aies.v8i1.36573","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aies.v8i1.36573","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AIES/article/download/36573/38711","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407048695","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI/ACM Conference on AI Ethics and Society","issn_l":"3065-8365","issn":["3065-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415230738.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415230738.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"algorithms":[1],"increasingly":[2,33],"take":[3],"on":[4,35],"critical":[5],"roles":[6],"in":[7,77,94],"high-stakes":[8],"areas":[9],"such":[10,42],"as":[11,22,43],"credit":[12],"scoring,":[13],"housing,":[14],"and":[15,47,71,87,129,145,159],"employment,":[16],"civil":[17,74],"enforcement":[18,75],"actions":[19,32,76],"have":[20],"emerged":[21],"a":[23],"powerful":[24],"tool":[25],"for":[26,120,156],"countering":[27],"potential":[28],"discrimination.":[29,50],"These":[30],"legal":[31,67,164],"draw":[34],"algorithmic":[36,49,53,95,114,135],"fairness":[37,54],"research":[38,101,110],"to":[39,45,61,90],"inform":[40],"questions":[41],"how":[44],"define":[46],"detect":[48],"However,":[51],"current":[52],"research,":[55,116],"while":[56],"theoretically":[57],"rigorous,":[58],"often":[59],"fails":[60],"address":[62],"the":[63,78],"practical":[64,92,118],"needs":[65],"of":[66],"investigations.":[68],"We":[69,152],"identify":[70,91],"analyze":[72],"15":[73],"United":[79],"States":[80],"including":[81],"regulatory":[82],"enforcement,":[83],"class":[84],"action":[85,165],"litigation,":[86],"individual":[88],"lawsuits":[89],"challenges":[93],"discrimination":[96],"cases":[97],"that":[98,161],"machine":[99],"learning":[100],"can":[102,162],"help":[103],"address.":[104],"Our":[105],"analysis":[106],"reveals":[107],"five":[108],"key":[109],"gaps":[111],"within":[112],"existing":[113],"bias":[115],"presenting":[117],"opportunities":[119],"more":[121],"aligned":[122],"research:":[123],"1)":[124],"finding":[125],"an":[126],"equally":[127],"accurate":[128],"less":[130],"discriminatory":[131],"algorithm,":[132],"2)":[133],"cascading":[134],"bias,":[136],"3)":[137],"quantifying":[138],"disparate":[139],"impact,":[140],"4)":[141],"navigating":[142],"information":[143],"barriers,":[144],"5)":[146],"handling":[147],"missing":[148],"protected":[149],"group":[150],"information.":[151],"provide":[153],"specific":[154],"recommendations":[155],"developing":[157],"tools":[158],"methodologies":[160],"strengthen":[163],"against":[166],"unfair":[167],"algorithms.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-16T00:00:00"}