{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7137882820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i6.42439","title":"PhysPatch: A Physically Realizable and Transferable Adversarial Patch Attack for Multimodal Large Language Models-based Autonomous Driving Systems","display_name":"PhysPatch: A Physically Realizable and Transferable Adversarial Patch Attack for Multimodal Large Language Models-based Autonomous Driving Systems","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7137882820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i6.42439"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i6.42439","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i6.42439","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i6.42439","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129678883","display_name":"Qi Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129747715","display_name":"Xiaojun Jia","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojun Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129723295","display_name":"Shanmin Pang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanmin Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129721373","display_name":"Simeng Qin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simeng Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129706367","display_name":"Lin Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125537654","display_name":"Ju Jia","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ju Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129734632","display_name":"Yang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5553-3646"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129708396","display_name":"Qing Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"6","first_page":"4412","last_page":"4420"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.840499997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.840499997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.062199998646974564,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.02290000021457672,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.9193999767303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initialization","display_name":"Initialization","score":0.5939000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.510699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.47929999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.44690001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.3497999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.3131999969482422}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.9193999767303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7773000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114466953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6034165","display_name":"Initialization","level":2,"score":0.5939000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5112000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.510699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.47929999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.44690001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3497999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3441999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3131999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.30550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87833898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060280","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","level":2,"score":0.2847000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.28279998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.27410000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140547941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7797194","display_name":"Threat model","level":2,"score":0.2712000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.2590999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.25519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2549999952316284}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i6.42439","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i6.42439","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.aaai.org:article/42439","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/42439","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2159-5399","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i6.42439","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i6.42439","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multimodal":[0],"Large":[1],"Language":[2],"Models":[3],"(MLLMs)":[4],"are":[5,22,41],"becoming":[6],"integral":[7],"to":[8,14,24,49,66,97,122],"autonomous":[9],"driving":[10],"(AD)":[11],"systems":[12,152],"due":[13],"their":[15],"strong":[16,55,173],"vision-language":[17],"reasoning":[18,56],"capabilities.":[19],"However,":[20],"MLLMs":[21,139],"vulnerable":[23],"adversarial":[25,27,81,163],"attacks\u2014particularly":[26],"patch":[28,82,92],"attacks\u2014which":[29],"can":[30],"pose":[31],"serious":[32],"threats":[33],"in":[34,148,165],"real-world":[35,102,174],"scenarios.":[36],"Existing":[37],"patch-based":[38],"attack":[39,99],"methods":[40,147],"primarily":[42],"designed":[43],"for":[44,85,111],"object":[45],"detection":[46],"models.":[47],"Due":[48],"the":[50],"more":[51],"complex":[52],"architectures":[53],"and":[54,79,95,101,125,137,156,176],"capabilities":[57],"of":[58,169],"MLLMs,":[59],"these":[60,71],"approaches":[61],"perform":[62],"poorly":[63],"when":[64],"transferred":[65],"MLLM-based":[67,86,150],"systems.":[68,88],"To":[69],"address":[70],"limitations,":[72],"we":[73],"propose":[74],"PhysPatch,":[75],"a":[76,106,126],"physically":[77,166],"realizable":[78],"transferable":[80],"framework":[83],"tailored":[84],"AD":[87,151,170],"PhysPatch":[89,142,160],"jointly":[90],"optimizes":[91],"location,":[93],"shape,":[94],"content":[96],"enhance":[98],"effectiveness":[100],"applicability.":[103],"It":[104],"introduces":[105],"semantic-based":[107],"mask":[108,129],"initialization":[109],"strategy":[110],"realistic":[112],"placement,":[113],"an":[114],"SVD-based":[115],"local":[116],"alignment":[117],"loss":[118],"with":[119],"patch-guided":[120],"crop-resize":[121],"improve":[123],"transferability,":[124],"potential":[127],"field-based":[128],"refinement":[130],"method.":[131],"Extensive":[132],"experiments":[133],"across":[134],"open-source,":[135],"commercial,":[136],"reasoning-capable":[138],"demonstrate":[140],"that":[141],"significantly":[143],"outperforms":[144],"state-of-the-art":[145],"(SOTA)":[146],"steering":[149],"toward":[153],"target-aligned":[154],"perception":[155],"planning":[157],"outputs.":[158],"Moreover,":[159],"consistently":[161],"places":[162],"patches":[164],"feasible":[167],"regions":[168],"scenes,":[171],"ensuring":[172],"applicability":[175],"deployability.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2026-03-18T00:00:00"}
