{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7138941889","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i42.40838","title":"Privacy Preserving In-Context-Learning Framework for Large Language Models","display_name":"Privacy Preserving In-Context-Learning Framework for Large Language Models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7138941889","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i42.40838"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i42.40838","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i42.40838","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/40838/44799","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/40838/44799","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092885542","display_name":"Bishnu Bhusal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-5878"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298353152","display_name":"SRI International","ror":"https://ror.org/05s570m15","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bishnu Bhusal","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Missouri\nSRI International"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Missouri\nSRI International","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019134968","display_name":"Manoj Acharya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0223-3556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298353152","display_name":"SRI International","ror":"https://ror.org/05s570m15","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manoj Acharya","raw_affiliation_strings":["SRI International"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SRI International","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130036155","display_name":"Ramneet Kaur","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298353152","display_name":"SRI International","ror":"https://ror.org/05s570m15","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramneet Kaur","raw_affiliation_strings":["SRI International"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SRI International","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011915615","display_name":"Colin Samplawski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298353152","display_name":"SRI International","ror":"https://ror.org/05s570m15","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Colin Samplawski","raw_affiliation_strings":["SRI International"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SRI International","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129779612","display_name":"Anirban Roy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298353152","display_name":"SRI International","ror":"https://ror.org/05s570m15","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anirban Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":["SRI International"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SRI International","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129795268","display_name":"Adam D. Cobb","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298353152","display_name":"SRI International","ror":"https://ror.org/05s570m15","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam D. Cobb","raw_affiliation_strings":["SRI International"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SRI International","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068396440","display_name":"Rohit Chadha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1674-1650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rohit Chadha","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Missouri"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Missouri","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108145901","display_name":"Susmit Jha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298353152","display_name":"SRI International","ror":"https://ror.org/05s570m15","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susmit Jha","raw_affiliation_strings":["SRI International"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SRI International","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5092885542"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74378585,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"42","first_page":"35303","last_page":"35312"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.5651000142097473,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.5651000142097473,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.0737999975681305,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.03929999843239784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-privacy","display_name":"Differential privacy","score":0.7954000234603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.7307999730110168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/private-information-retrieval","display_name":"Private information retrieval","score":0.5422999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.5365999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-sensitivity","display_name":"Information sensitivity","score":0.5285999774932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.49050000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.37619999051094055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8012999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23130292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275358","display_name":"Differential privacy","level":2,"score":0.7954000234603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.7307999730110168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99221444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1532069","display_name":"Private information retrieval","level":2,"score":0.5422999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.5365999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137822555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2587068","display_name":"Information sensitivity","level":2,"score":0.5285999774932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.49050000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.37619999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160920958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662746","display_name":"Synthetic data","level":2,"score":0.36739999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35760000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.353300005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776187449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513879","display_name":"Natural language generation","level":3,"score":0.3434000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017597292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25052250","display_name":"Privacy protection","level":2,"score":0.3424000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509729295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246032","display_name":"Privacy software","level":3,"score":0.3343999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779201187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2775060","display_name":"Information leakage","level":2,"score":0.3142000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102938260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1999831","display_name":"Privacy policy","level":3,"score":0.29989999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.2985999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.29420000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2743000090122223}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i42.40838","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i42.40838","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/40838/44799","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i42.40838","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i42.40838","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/40838/44799","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6031704545021057,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3715539594","display_name":"SHF: Medium: Collaborative Research: Verification of Differential Privacy Mechanisms","funder_award_id":"1900924","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332815","display_name":"Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7138941889.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7138941889.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"language":[1,8],"models":[2],"(LLMs)":[3],"have":[4,25],"significantly":[5],"transformed":[6],"natural":[7],"understanding":[9],"and":[10,93,106,124],"generation,":[11],"but":[12],"they":[13],"raise":[14],"privacy":[15,59,112],"concerns":[16],"due":[17],"to":[18,69,127],"potential":[19],"exposure":[20],"of":[21,29,81,104],"sensitive":[22,36],"information.":[23],"Studies":[24],"highlighted":[26],"the":[27,40,64,82,95,102],"risk":[28],"information":[30,37,75],"leakage,":[31],"where":[32],"adversaries":[33],"can":[34],"extract":[35],"embedded":[38],"in":[39],"prompts.":[41],"In":[42],"this":[43],"work,":[44],"we":[45,115],"introduce":[46],"a":[47,117,147],"novel":[48],"private":[49,91,123],"prediction":[50],"framework":[51,68],"for":[52,150],"generating":[53],"high-quality":[54],"synthetic":[55,108],"text":[56,109,152],"with":[57],"strong":[58],"guarantees.":[60,113],"Our":[61],"approach":[62,136],"leverages":[63],"Differential":[65],"Privacy":[66],"(DP)":[67],"ensure":[70],"worst-case":[71],"theoretical":[72],"bounds":[73],"on":[74,90,141],"leakage":[76],"without":[77],"requiring":[78],"any":[79],"fine-tuning":[80],"underlying":[83],"models.":[84],"The":[85],"proposed":[86],"method":[87],"performs":[88],"inference":[89,126],"records":[92],"aggregates":[94],"resulting":[96],"per-token":[97],"output":[98],"distributions.":[99],"This":[100],"enables":[101],"generation":[103,153],"longer":[105],"coherent":[107],"while":[110,154],"maintaining":[111,155],"Additionally,":[114],"propose":[116],"simple":[118],"blending":[119],"operation":[120],"that":[121,134],"combines":[122],"public":[125],"further":[128],"enhance":[129],"utility.":[130,157],"Empirical":[131],"evaluations":[132],"demonstrate":[133],"our":[135],"outperforms":[137],"previous":[138],"state-of-the-art":[139],"methods":[140],"in-context-learning":[142],"(ICL)":[143],"tasks,":[144],"making":[145],"it":[146],"promising":[148],"direction":[149],"privacy-preserving":[151],"high":[156]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2026-03-20T00:00:00"}