{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7138997935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i40.40660","title":"REFO: Reinforced Evolutionary Faithfulness Optimization for Large Language Models","display_name":"REFO: Reinforced Evolutionary Faithfulness Optimization for Large Language Models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7138997935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i40.40660"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i40.40660","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i40.40660","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/40660/44621","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/40660/44621","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129969369","display_name":"Yi Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129856604","display_name":"Xiaqiang Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaqiang Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129815823","display_name":"Keyu Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keyu Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130213175","display_name":"Haojie Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haojie Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130064838","display_name":"Sihong Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sihong Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5129969369"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89664358,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"40","first_page":"33701","last_page":"33709"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.8504999876022339,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.8504999876022339,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.034299999475479126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.024299999698996544,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.5289000272750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.4657000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dependency","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","score":0.4562000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.42010000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.3799000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-refinement","display_name":"Iterative refinement","score":0.3456999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.3395000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6431000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5289000272750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4961000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.4657000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19768560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320727","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4562000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.42010000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.3799000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3553999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779982483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094420","display_name":"Iterative refinement","level":2,"score":0.3456999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.34389999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.3395000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.33079999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3303000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143587482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1543216","display_name":"Iterative and incremental development","level":2,"score":0.3224000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.31709998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.3003999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.2578999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.2556999921798706}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i40.40660","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i40.40660","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/40660/44621","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i40.40660","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i40.40660","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/40660/44621","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5332081803","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023A03J0008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323537","funder_display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323537","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324202","display_name":"Guangdong Science and Technology Department","ror":"https://ror.org/00tjzgn92"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7138997935.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7138997935.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"its":[1],"success":[2],"in":[3,28,97],"enriching":[4],"LLMs":[5,29],"with":[6,115],"external":[7],"knowledge,":[8],"RAG":[9],"remains":[10],"plagued":[11],"by":[12,33],"faithfulness":[13,26,106,142],"hallucinations,":[14],"where":[15],"generated":[16],"text":[17],"contradicts":[18],"the":[19,87,91,112,116],"retrieved":[20],"source":[21],"information.":[22],"Previous":[23],"research":[24],"on":[25,41,120,143],"hallucination":[27],"is":[30],"frequently":[31],"hindered":[32],"prohibitive":[34],"manual":[35],"annotation":[36],"costs":[37],"and":[38,48,83],"a":[39,54,68,108,144,151],"dependency":[40],"static":[42],"datasets,":[43,149],"which":[44],"caps":[45],"their":[46],"performance":[47],"adaptability.":[49],"Furthermore,":[50],"these":[51],"models":[52],"lack":[53],"clear":[55],"training":[56],"mechanism":[57],"to":[58,73,94,129],"explicitly":[59],"promote":[60,131],"contextual":[61],"focus.":[62],"In":[63],"this":[64,121,132],"work,":[65],"we":[66,123],"propose":[67],"novel":[69],"iterative":[70],"self-evolution":[71],"framework":[72,78],"enhance":[74],"model":[75,105,139],"faithfulness.":[76,98],"This":[77],"autonomously":[79],"generates":[80],"high-quality":[81],"data":[82],"leverages":[84],"it":[85],"for":[86],"continuous":[88],"self-optimization":[89],"of":[90,111,146],"model,":[92],"leading":[93],"significant":[95,152],"improvements":[96],"Our":[99],"experimental":[100],"analysis":[101],"reveals":[102],"that":[103,137],"improving":[104],"encourages":[107],"closer":[109],"alignment":[110],"attention":[113],"distribution":[114],"given":[117],"context.":[118],"Based":[119],"finding,":[122],"design":[124],"an":[125],"attention-based":[126],"loss":[127],"function":[128],"further":[130],"process.":[133],"Experimental":[134],"results":[135],"show":[136],"our":[138],"achieves":[140],"state-of-the-art":[141],"range":[145],"context-based":[147],"question-answering":[148],"marking":[150],"advancement":[153],"over":[154],"previous":[155],"approaches.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-03T22:45:19.894376","created_date":"2026-03-20T00:00:00"}