{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7138436634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i34.40113","title":"Intra-Class Unbiased Prototype Aggregation and Classifier Collaboration for Personalized Federated Learning","display_name":"Intra-Class Unbiased Prototype Aggregation and Classifier Collaboration for Personalized Federated Learning","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7138436634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i34.40113"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i34.40113","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i34.40113","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/40113/44074","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/40113/44074","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129734754","display_name":"Hao Zheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central South University\nUniversity of Western Ontario"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central South University\nUniversity of Western Ontario","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129675672","display_name":"Shiyu Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiyu Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central South University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central South University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092234034","display_name":"Zhigang Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1243-014X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhigang Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central South University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central South University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129673514","display_name":"Meiguang Zheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meiguang Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central South University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central South University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129703013","display_name":"Liu Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central South University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central South University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048326658","display_name":"Aikun Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3525-0339"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aikun Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central South University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central South University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086950413","display_name":"Rongchang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8453-9446"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongchang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central South University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central South University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129702427","display_name":"Ruizhi Pu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruizhi Pu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Western Ontario"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Western Ontario","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094095293","display_name":"Ruiyi Fang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruiyi Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Western Ontario"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Western Ontario","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129652256","display_name":"Boyu Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Western Ontario"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Western Ontario","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"34","first_page":"28795","last_page":"28803"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.24060000479221344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.24060000479221344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.12250000238418579,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.09049999713897705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6168000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federated-learning","display_name":"Federated learning","score":0.6065999865531921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salient","display_name":"Salient","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.5475000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/a-priori-and-a-posteriori","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","score":0.43689998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.4018999934196472}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8238999843597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6168000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992525071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50818671","display_name":"Federated learning","level":2,"score":0.6065999865531921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780719617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030752","display_name":"Salient","level":2,"score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.5475000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5076000094413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5063999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.45019999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.43689998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.4018999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141513077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378542","display_name":"Independent and identically distributed random variables","level":3,"score":0.3950999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21569690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94702","display_name":"Collaborative filtering","level":3,"score":0.3095000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187191949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138496","display_name":"Profiling (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.3057999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.29190000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82578977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16773055","display_name":"Data aggregator","level":3,"score":0.2856000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.2759000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776145971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30673951","display_name":"Labeled data","level":2,"score":0.2721000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.25209999084472656}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i34.40113","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i34.40113","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/40113/44074","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.aaai.org:article/40113","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/40113","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2159-5399","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i34.40113","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i34.40113","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/40113/44074","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1278759165","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172442","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8940225946","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172451","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321514","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7138436634.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7138436634.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Prototype-based":[0,212],"personalized":[1,34],"federated":[2],"learning":[3],"methods":[4],"have":[5],"emerged":[6],"as":[7,178],"a":[8,76,116,179],"promising":[9],"strategy":[10,191],"due":[11],"to":[12,15,73,134],"their":[13],"ability":[14],"represent":[16],"client-specific":[17],"class":[18,23],"characteristics":[19],"effectively":[20,192],"through":[21],"learned":[22],"prototypes.":[24],"These":[25],"prototypes":[26,72,129],"capture":[27],"salient":[28],"features":[29],"of":[30,66,161,170,181],"client-local":[31],"data,":[32,68],"facilitating":[33],"model":[35],"adaptation.":[36],"However,":[37],"existing":[38,211],"prototype-based":[39],"aggregation":[40,84,141,187],"strategies":[41],"predominantly":[42],"rely":[43],"on":[44,131],"weighted":[45],"averaging,":[46],"implicitly":[47],"assuming":[48],"prototype":[49,79,118,137],"consistency":[50],"across":[51],"clients.":[52],"This":[53,185],"assumption":[54],"neglects":[55],"the":[56,105,149,159,166,175,194],"intrinsic":[57],"heterogeneity":[58],"and":[59,61,80,120,188,213],"non-independent":[60],"identically":[62],"distributed":[63],"(non-IID)":[64],"nature":[65],"client":[67],"compelling":[69],"diverse":[70],"local":[71],"align":[74],"toward":[75],"singular":[77],"global":[78,154,198],"consequently":[81],"causing":[82],"significant":[83],"bias.":[85],"Motivated":[86],"by":[87,197],"observations":[88],"from":[89,152,172],"intra-class":[90,111,132,136],"feature":[91,101],"saliency":[92],"analysis,":[93],"we":[94,113,164],"identify":[95],"that":[96,140,207],"clients":[97,173],"inherently":[98],"emphasize":[99],"distinct":[100],"regions":[102],"even":[103],"for":[104],"same":[106,176],"class.":[107],"To":[108,156],"leverage":[109],"this":[110],"diversity,":[112],"introduce":[114],"FedIC,":[115],"novel":[117],"clustering":[119],"collaborative":[121,189],"classifier":[122,182],"optimization":[123,190],"approach.":[124],"Specifically,":[125],"FedIC":[126,208],"first":[127],"clusters":[128],"based":[130],"similarity":[133],"form":[135],"subspaces,":[138],"ensuring":[139],"occurs":[142],"exclusively":[143],"within":[144,174],"each":[145],"cluster,":[146],"thus":[147],"eliminating":[148],"bias":[150,195],"stemming":[151],"forced":[153],"unification.":[155],"further":[157],"exploit":[158],"benefits":[160],"intra-cluster":[162],"collaboration,":[163],"quantify":[165],"combined":[167],"predictive":[168],"gains":[169],"classifiers":[171],"cluster":[177],"function":[180],"combination":[183],"weights.":[184],"targeted":[186],"circumvents":[193],"introduced":[196],"alignment.":[199],"Extensive":[200],"experiments":[201],"under":[202],"various":[203],"non-IID":[204],"settings":[205],"show":[206],"significantly":[209],"outperforms":[210],"Clustered":[214],"PFL":[215],"Methods.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2026-03-18T00:00:00"}
