{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7138443516","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i32.39977","title":"SMoFi: Step-wise Momentum Fusion for Split Federated Learning on Heterogeneous Data","display_name":"SMoFi: Step-wise Momentum Fusion for Split Federated Learning on Heterogeneous Data","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7138443516","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i32.39977"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i32.39977","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i32.39977","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i32.39977","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129703644","display_name":"Mingkun Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mingkun Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101975799","display_name":"Ran Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3986-0596"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ran Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129671679","display_name":"Qing Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129683497","display_name":"Jie Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5129703644"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65952891,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"32","first_page":"27574","last_page":"27582"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.7831000089645386,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.7831000089645386,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.03720000013709068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11612","display_name":"Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques","score":0.017400000244379044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronizing","display_name":"Synchronizing","score":0.7896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federated-learning","display_name":"Federated learning","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.6424000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/momentum","display_name":"Momentum (technical analysis)","score":0.6227999925613403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divergence","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","score":0.6037999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-integration","display_name":"Data integration","score":0.45080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.34769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.33169999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162932704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058791","display_name":"Synchronizing","level":3,"score":0.7896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.738099992275238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992525071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50818671","display_name":"Federated learning","level":2,"score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6424000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60718061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414747","display_name":"Momentum (technical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.6227999925613403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207390915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6037999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72634772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386824","display_name":"Data integration","level":2,"score":0.45080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4417000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3781000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3741999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.35600000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.34769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.33169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.32710000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.30329999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34585555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368723","display_name":"Learning curve","level":2,"score":0.29409998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780735816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28324931","display_name":"Incremental learning","level":2,"score":0.275299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164752517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5570875","display_name":"Global optimization","level":2,"score":0.272599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2615000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153258448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199743","display_name":"Gradient descent","level":3,"score":0.25519999861717224}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i32.39977","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i32.39977","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i32.39977","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i32.39977","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Split":[0],"Federated":[1],"Learning":[2],"is":[3],"a":[4,16,29,80,124],"system-efficient":[5],"federated":[6],"learning":[7,133],"paradigm":[8],"that":[9,54,84,105],"leverages":[10],"the":[11,33,39,64,75,91],"rich":[12],"computing":[13],"resources":[14],"at":[15,94],"central":[17],"server":[18],"to":[19,113,119],"train":[20],"model":[21,110,140],"partitions.":[22],"Data":[23],"heterogeneity":[24,61],"across":[25,67],"silos,":[26],"however,":[27],"presents":[28],"major":[30],"challenge":[31],"undermining":[32],"convergence":[34,116],"speed":[35,117],"and":[36,51,115,131],"accuracy":[37,111],"of":[38,90],"global":[40,109],"model.":[41],"This":[42],"paper":[43],"introduces":[44],"Step-wise":[45],"Momentum":[46],"Fusion":[47],"(SMoFi),":[48],"an":[49],"effective":[50],"lightweight":[52],"framework":[53],"counteracts":[55],"gradient":[56,72,88],"divergence":[57,73],"arising":[58],"from":[59],"data":[60],"by":[62],"synchronizing":[63],"momentum":[65],"buffers":[66],"server-side":[68,92],"optimizers.":[69],"To":[70],"control":[71],"over":[74],"training":[76,141],"process,":[77],"we":[78],"design":[79],"staleness-aware":[81],"alignment":[82],"mechanism":[83],"imposes":[85],"constraints":[86],"on":[87,100],"updates":[89],"submodel":[93],"each":[95],"optimization":[96],"step.":[97],"Extensive":[98],"validations":[99],"multiple":[101],"real-world":[102],"datasets":[103],"show":[104],"SMoFi":[106,122],"consistently":[107],"improves":[108],"(up":[112,118],"7.1%)":[114],"10.25x).":[120],"Furthermore,":[121],"has":[123],"greater":[125],"impact":[126],"with":[127],"more":[128],"clients":[129],"involved":[130],"deeper":[132],"models,":[134],"making":[135],"it":[136],"particularly":[137],"suitable":[138],"for":[139],"in":[142],"resource-constrained":[143],"contexts.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T20:47:17.329874","created_date":"2026-03-18T00:00:00"}
