{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7138291654","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i3.37189","title":"Detecting Emotional Dynamic Trajectories: An Evaluation Framework for Emotional Support in Language Models","display_name":"Detecting Emotional Dynamic Trajectories: An Evaluation Framework for Emotional Support in Language Models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7138291654","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i3.37189"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i3.37189","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i3.37189","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/37189/41151","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/37189/41151","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043531773","display_name":"Zhouxing Tan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhouxing Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Research Center for Software Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center for Software Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101786338","display_name":"R. Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8147-5486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruochong Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Research Center for Software Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center for Software Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070296555","display_name":"Yulong Wan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yulong Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Research Center for Software Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center for Software Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129642174","display_name":"Jinlong Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150595","display_name":"Guangzhou Electronic Technology (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03rq35s79","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150595"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinlong Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangzhou Quwan Network Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangzhou Quwan Network Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019050338","display_name":"Hanlin Xue","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanlin Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Research Center for Software Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center for Software Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028363570","display_name":"Qing-lu Deng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150595","display_name":"Guangzhou Electronic Technology (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03rq35s79","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150595"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qichun Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangzhou Quwan Network Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangzhou Quwan Network Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129657998","display_name":"Haifeng Jing","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haifeng Jing","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Research Center for Software Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center for Software Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044281067","display_name":"Zhuoyang Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150595","display_name":"Guangzhou Electronic Technology (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03rq35s79","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150595"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengtong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangzhou Quwan Network Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangzhou Quwan Network Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129735350","display_name":"Depei Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Depei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Research Center for Software Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center for Software Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129673462","display_name":"Shiyuan Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150595","display_name":"Guangzhou Electronic Technology (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03rq35s79","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150595"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiyuan Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangzhou Quwan Network Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangzhou Quwan Network Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150595"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004140138","display_name":"Junfei Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junfei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Research Center for Software Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center for Software Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.36538462,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"3","first_page":"2074","last_page":"2082"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.1615999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.1615999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11519","display_name":"Digital Mental Health Interventions","score":0.1589999943971634,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12488","display_name":"Mental Health via Writing","score":0.15559999644756317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.544700026512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.5099999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.5074999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.45419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotional-expression","display_name":"Emotional expression","score":0.413100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotional-well-being","display_name":"Emotional well-being","score":0.4117000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.3971000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.37119999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.3671000003814697}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.544700026512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.5099999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5074999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.5047000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4722000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.45419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143110190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5373787","display_name":"Emotional expression","level":2,"score":0.413100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779718618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5373802","display_name":"Emotional well-being","level":2,"score":0.4117000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.3971000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.37119999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.3671000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3612000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.3560999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.3433000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018916638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752118","display_name":"Emotional support","level":3,"score":0.3260999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.32179999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163836022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6771326","display_name":"Markov model","level":3,"score":0.32120001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118057910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5373785","display_name":"Emotional competence","level":3,"score":0.3027999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145912823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113558","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","level":2,"score":0.296099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2955999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146599234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q511093","display_name":"Centroid","level":2,"score":0.29179999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78780964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7233193","display_name":"Position paper","level":2,"score":0.28369998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779791154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258040","display_name":"Model transformation","level":3,"score":0.275299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88519622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q776232","display_name":"Emotional exhaustion","level":3,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.2669999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6438553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185804","display_name":"Affective computing","level":2,"score":0.2590000033378601}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i3.37189","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i3.37189","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/37189/41151","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i3.37189","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i3.37189","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/37189/41151","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7138291654.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7138291654.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Emotional":[0,152,155,160],"support":[1,174,180,197],"is":[2],"a":[3,57,79,126,187],"core":[4],"capability":[5],"in":[6,195],"human-AI":[7],"interaction,":[8],"with":[9],"applications":[10],"including":[11],"psychological":[12],"counseling,":[13],"role":[14],"play,":[15],"and":[16,32,38,69,87,117,130,159,173,199],"companionship.":[17],"However,":[18],"existing":[19],"evaluations":[20,185],"of":[21,41,83,177,182,190],"large":[22],"language":[23],"models":[24,62],"(LLMs)":[25],"often":[26],"rely":[27],"on":[28,64,143],"short,":[29],"static":[30],"dialogues":[31],"fail":[33],"to":[34,53,67,136],"capture":[35,167],"the":[36],"dynamic":[37],"long-term":[39,178],"nature":[40],"emotional":[42,72,85,93,121,139,169,179,196],"support.":[43],"To":[44,99],"overcome":[45],"this":[46,144],"limitation,":[47],"we":[48,104,131,146],"shift":[49],"from":[50],"snapshot-based":[51],"evaluation":[52,176],"trajectory-based":[54],"assessment,":[55],"adopting":[56],"user-centered":[58],"perspective":[59],"that":[60],"evaluates":[61],"based":[63],"their":[65],"ability":[66],"improve":[68],"stabilize":[70],"user":[71,168],"states":[73],"over":[74,171],"time.":[75],"Our":[76],"framework":[77],"constructs":[78],"large-scale":[80],"benchmark":[81],"consisting":[82],"328":[84],"contexts":[86],"1,152":[88],"disturbance":[89],"events,":[90],"simulating":[91],"realistic":[92],"shifts":[94],"under":[95],"evolving":[96],"dialogue":[97],"scenarios.":[98],"encourage":[100],"psychologically":[101],"grounded":[102],"responses,":[103],"constrain":[105],"model":[106,204],"outputs":[107],"using":[108],"validated":[109],"emotion":[110,134],"regulation":[111],"strategies":[112],"such":[113],"as":[114,125],"situation":[115],"selection":[116],"cognitive":[118],"reappraisal.":[119],"User":[120],"trajectories":[122],"are":[123],"modeled":[124],"first-order":[127],"Markov":[128],"process,":[129],"apply":[132],"causally-adjusted":[133],"estimation":[135],"obtain":[137],"unbiased":[138],"state":[140],"tracking.":[141],"Based":[142],"framework,":[145],"introduce":[147],"three":[148],"trajectory-level":[149],"metrics:":[150],"Baseline":[151],"Level":[153],"(BEL),":[154],"Trajectory":[156],"Volatility":[157],"(ETV),":[158],"Centroid":[161],"Position":[162],"(ECP).":[163],"These":[164],"metrics":[165],"collectively":[166],"dynamics":[170],"time":[172],"comprehensive":[175],"performance":[181],"LLMs.":[183],"Extensive":[184],"across":[186],"diverse":[188],"set":[189],"LLMs":[191],"reveal":[192],"significant":[193],"disparities":[194],"capabilities":[198],"provide":[200],"actionable":[201],"insights":[202],"for":[203],"development.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-03-18T00:00:00"}