{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7138399229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i3.37173","title":"Explainable Depression Assessment from Face Videos by Weakly Supervised Learning","display_name":"Explainable Depression Assessment from Face Videos by Weakly Supervised Learning","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7138399229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i3.37173"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i3.37173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i3.37173","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/37173/41135","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/37173/41135","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065794033","display_name":"Rongfan Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5339-5803"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153648349","display_name":"University of Leicester","ror":"https://ror.org/04h699437","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongfan Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Leicester\nHBUG Lab, University of Exeter"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Leicester\nHBUG Lab, University of Exeter","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153648349","https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129684544","display_name":"Xiangyu Kong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyu Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["HBUG Lab, University of Exeter"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HBUG Lab, University of Exeter","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129700334","display_name":"Shiqing Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiqing Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["HBUG Lab, University of Exeter\nShanghai University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HBUG Lab, University of Exeter\nShanghai University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129729610","display_name":"Lang He","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lang He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085633547","display_name":"Changzeng Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1083-9486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87182695","display_name":"Universidad del Noreste","ror":"https://ror.org/02ahky613","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87182695"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changzeng Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87182695"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129679729","display_name":"Weicheng Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weicheng Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129722452","display_name":"Xiaofeng Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofeng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hohai University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hohai University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129670283","display_name":"Lu Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["HBUG Lab, University of Exeter"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HBUG Lab, University of Exeter","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129742611","display_name":"Siyang Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siyang Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["HBUG Lab, University of Exeter"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HBUG Lab, University of Exeter","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"3","first_page":"1928","last_page":"1936"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9065999984741211,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9065999984741211,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11519","display_name":"Digital Mental Health Interventions","score":0.03370000049471855,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12488","display_name":"Mental Health via Writing","score":0.019500000402331352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depression","display_name":"Depression (economics)","score":0.5960999727249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5723999738693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervised-learning","display_name":"Supervised learning","score":0.4343999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.38089999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.374099999666214}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6104000210762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5960999727249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5723999738693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5694000124931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4424999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.4343999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.42910000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4099999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.38089999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.374099999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.335099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.3222000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019858935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4340209","display_name":"Depressive symptoms","level":3,"score":0.3041999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2939999997615814}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i3.37173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i3.37173","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/37173/41135","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.aaai.org:article/37173","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/37173","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2159-5399","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i3.37173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i3.37173","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/37173/41135","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4598488211631775,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7138399229.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7138399229.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Existing":[0],"video-based":[1,91,102],"automatic":[2],"depression":[3,10,92,132,150,186],"assessment":[4,11],"(ADA)":[5],"approaches":[6],"frequently":[7],"achieve":[8,135],"video-level":[9,131,149],"by":[12,34],"aggregating":[13],"features":[14],"or":[15,20],"predictions":[16],"of":[17,49,68,77,90,172,191],"individual":[18],"frames":[19],"equal-length":[21],"segments":[22,58,111,164],"within":[23,59],"the":[24,46,75,86,130,153,178,189],"given":[25],"video.":[26],"While":[27],"their":[28],"performances":[29],"have":[30],"been":[31],"largely":[32],"enhanced":[33],"recent":[35],"advanced":[36],"deep":[37],"learning":[38],"models,":[39],"they":[40],"typically":[41],"fail":[42],"to":[43,129,144,155,159,168],"explicitly":[44],"consider":[45],"varied":[47],"importance":[48],"depression-related":[50,114],"behavioural":[51],"cues":[52,80],"across":[53,117],"different":[54],"video":[55,61,110,163,185],"segments,":[56],"i.e.,":[57],"one":[60],"may":[62],"contain":[63],"behaviours":[64,116,147],"reflecting":[65],"varying":[66,118],"levels":[67],"depression.":[69],"Underestimating":[70],"segment-level":[71,146],"variations":[72],"can":[73],"obscure":[74],"detection":[76,93],"facial":[78,115],"behaviour":[79],"associated":[81],"with":[82,148],"depression,":[83],"thereby":[84],"undermining":[85],"accuracy":[87],"and":[88,108,165,181],"interpretability":[89],"systems.":[94],"In":[95],"this":[96],"paper,":[97],"we":[98],"propose":[99],"a":[100,137],"novel":[101,138],"ADA":[103],"approach":[104],"that":[105,112],"specifically":[106],"identifies":[107],"differentiates":[109],"exhibit":[113],"temporal":[119,161],"durations,":[120],"providing":[121],"clear":[122],"insights":[123],"into":[124],"how":[125],"each":[126],"segment":[127],"contributes":[128],"prediction.":[133],"To":[134],"this,":[136],"weakly":[139],"supervised":[140],"strategy":[141],"is":[142],"proposed":[143],"compare":[145],"label,":[151],"enabling":[152],"model":[154],"assign":[156],"depression-relevant":[157],"scores":[158],"multiple":[160],"scale":[162],"attend":[166],"selectively":[167],"those":[169],"most":[170],"indicative":[171],"depressive":[173],"states.":[174],"Extensive":[175],"experiments":[176],"on":[177],"AVEC":[179,182],"2013":[180],"2014":[183],"face":[184],"datasets":[187],"demonstrate":[188],"effectiveness":[190],"our":[192],"approach.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2026-03-18T00:00:00"}