{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7138286104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i28.39579","title":"Scaling Law for Large Wireless Models","display_name":"Scaling Law for Large Wireless Models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7138286104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i28.39579"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i28.39579","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i28.39579","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i28.39579","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114444435","display_name":"Ziheng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5495-1619"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ziheng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129719376","display_name":"Jiayi Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiayi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129677832","display_name":"Haoyu Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129706148","display_name":"Bokai Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bokai Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129647205","display_name":"Chen Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104285928","display_name":"Yiyang Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7641-7353"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiyang Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129692220","display_name":"Enyu Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enyu Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5114444435"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66216216,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"28","first_page":"24017","last_page":"24025"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.1915999948978424,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.1915999948978424,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.15209999680519104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.06880000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling","display_name":"Scaling","score":0.6883000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.6658999919891357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling-law","display_name":"Scaling law","score":0.6101999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.5055000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dependency","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","score":0.4828000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4668999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.45579999685287476}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.6883000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.6658999919891357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6144000291824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988430800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428971","display_name":"Scaling law","level":3,"score":0.6101999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5055000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19768560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320727","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4828000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4668999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.45579999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.4555000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73000952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007827","display_name":"Discretization","level":2,"score":0.3806000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3499999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.3384999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780388253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421508","display_name":"Exponent","level":2,"score":0.29820001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.27070000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206891323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178655","display_name":"Moore's law","level":2,"score":0.2578999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.2563999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.25540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.2542000114917755}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i28.39579","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i28.39579","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i28.39579","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i28.39579","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Emerging":[0],"from":[1,51,133,189],"recent":[2],"advances":[3],"in":[4,232],"foundation":[5,28],"models,":[6],"Large":[7],"Wireless":[8],"Models":[9],"(LWMs)":[10],"represent":[11],"a":[12,38,58,89,159,166,200,224],"new":[13],"paradigm":[14],"of":[15,27,60,80,169],"general-purpose":[16],"intelligence":[17],"for":[18,41,67,203],"wireless":[19,69,91,220,234],"communications":[20],"that":[21,94,152,175],"transcends":[22],"task-specific":[23],"engineering.":[24],"The":[25],"success":[26],"models":[29],"is":[30,155,164,178],"critically":[31],"underpinned":[32],"by":[33,99,140,158,193],"scaling":[34,49,92,113,123,128,154,221],"laws,":[35],"which":[36],"provide":[37],"predictable":[39],"roadmap":[40,202],"how":[42],"performance":[43,56,185],"scales":[44],"with":[45],"resources.":[46],"However,":[47],"established":[48],"laws":[50,231],"language":[52],"and":[53,62,106,118,130,171,173],"vision,":[54],"charting":[55],"as":[57,71],"power-law":[59,119],"model":[61,76],"dataset":[63],"sizes,":[64],"are":[65],"ill-suited":[66],"the":[68,77,81,96,122,127,141],"domain,":[70],"their":[72],"core":[73],"formulations":[74],"cannot":[75],"structured":[78],"nature":[79],"physical":[82,142],"channel.":[83],"To":[84],"address":[85],"this,":[86],"we":[87],"propose":[88],"novel":[90],"law":[93],"extends":[95],"classical":[97,230],"formulation":[98,146],"modeling":[100],"two":[101,110,148],"wireless-native":[102],"factors:":[103],"channel":[104],"heterogeneity":[105,170],"discretization":[107],"granularity.":[108],"These":[109],"factors":[111],"reshape":[112],"behavior":[114],"via":[115],"nested":[116],"linear":[117],"relationships,":[120],"recasting":[121],"law's":[124],"parameters":[125],"(notably":[126],"exponent":[129],"irreducible":[131],"loss)":[132],"universal":[134],"constants":[135],"into":[136,212],"dynamic":[137,167],"variables":[138],"dictated":[139,157],"environment.":[143],"Our":[144],"physics-aware":[145],"reveals":[147],"key":[149],"insights:":[150],"first,":[151],"compute-optimal":[153],"not":[156],"fixed":[160],"model-data":[161],"ratio":[162],"but":[163],"instead":[165],"function":[168],"granularity,":[172,182],"second,":[174],"this":[176,198],"dependency":[177],"particularly":[179],"sensitive":[180],"to":[181,186],"allowing":[183],"significant":[184],"be":[187],"unlocked":[188],"existing":[190],"data":[191],"simply":[192],"refining":[194],"its":[195],"resolution.":[196],"Crucially,":[197],"establishes":[199],"reliable":[201],"designing":[204],"powerful":[205],"yet":[206],"resource-efficient":[207],"LWMs,":[208],"translating":[209],"theoretical":[210],"insights":[211],"actionable":[213],"engineering":[214],"principles.":[215],"Extensive":[216],"experiments":[217],"validate":[218],"our":[219],"law,":[222],"showing":[223],"32.31%":[225],"prediction":[226],"accuracy":[227],"improvement":[228],"over":[229],"diverse":[233],"scenarios":[235],"where":[236],"they":[237],"fail.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T06:31:55.123368","created_date":"2026-03-18T00:00:00"}
