{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7138330921","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i16.38353","title":"GeoX-Bench: Benchmarking Cross-View Geo-Localization and Pose Estimation Capabilities of Large Multimodal Models","display_name":"GeoX-Bench: Benchmarking Cross-View Geo-Localization and Pose Estimation Capabilities of Large Multimodal Models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7138330921","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i16.38353"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i16.38353","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i16.38353","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/38353/42315","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/38353/42315","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102350782","display_name":"Yushuo Zheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012619","display_name":"Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkvpx79","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yushuo Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University\nShanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University\nShanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930","https://openalex.org/I4391012619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040143380","display_name":"Jiangyong Ying","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136246","display_name":"China Telecom (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jgnzt20","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136246"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153335","display_name":"China Telecom","ror":"https://ror.org/05p67dv18","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153335"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiangyong Ying","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Telecom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Telecom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136246","https://openalex.org/I4387153335"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129700981","display_name":"Huiyu Duan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huiyu Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129722894","display_name":"Chunyi Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012619","display_name":"Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkvpx79","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunyi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University\nShanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University\nShanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930","https://openalex.org/I4391012619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129646250","display_name":"Zicheng Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012619","display_name":"Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkvpx79","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zicheng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University\nShanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University\nShanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930","https://openalex.org/I4391012619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129694866","display_name":"Jing Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129735882","display_name":"Xiaohong Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158445","display_name":"Institute of Natural Science","ror":"https://ror.org/004tze884","country_code":"KP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158445"]}],"countries":["CN","KP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University\nShanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University\nShanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930","https://openalex.org/I4210158445"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129644847","display_name":"Guangtao Zhai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012619","display_name":"Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkvpx79","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangtao Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University\nShanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University\nShanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930","https://openalex.org/I4391012619"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"16","first_page":"13485","last_page":"13493"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.6812000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.6812000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.15710000693798065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.050599999725818634,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.8661999702453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.798799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pose","display_name":"Pose","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.48240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.47209998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","score":0.3776000142097473}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.8661999702453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.798799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52102323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671968","display_name":"Pose","level":2,"score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6593999862670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6503000259399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5703999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.48240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.47209998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.3776000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36613465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4636322","display_name":"3D pose estimation","level":3,"score":0.319599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.31940001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.271699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.26440000534057617}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i16.38353","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i16.38353","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/38353/42315","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i16.38353","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i16.38353","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/38353/42315","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7138330921.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7138330921.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"multimodal":[1],"models":[2],"(LMMs)":[3],"have":[4],"demonstrated":[5],"remarkable":[6],"capabilities":[7,55,101,110,127],"across":[8],"a":[9,46,155],"wide":[10],"range":[11],"of":[12,56,102,111,128,168],"tasks,":[13,121,142,153],"however":[14],"their":[15,143],"knowledge":[16],"and":[17,23,52,61,118,122,161],"abilities":[18],"in":[19,58,74,140],"the":[20,54,94,100,109,125,148,165,173],"cross-view":[21,59,116,174],"geo-localization":[22,117,141],"pose":[24,62,119,151],"estimation":[25,120,152],"domains":[26],"remain":[27],"unexplored,":[28],"despite":[29],"potential":[30],"benefits":[31],"for":[32,91,158],"navigation,":[33],"autonomous":[34],"driving,":[35],"outdoor":[36],"robotics,":[37],"etc.":[38],"To":[39],"bridge":[40],"this":[41],"gap,":[42],"we":[43,107],"introduce":[44],"GeoX-Bench,":[45,106],"comprehensive":[47],"Benchmark":[48],"designed":[49],"to":[50,98],"explore":[51,124],"evaluate":[53,108],"LMMs":[57,114,136,163],"Geo-localization":[60],"estimation.":[63],"Specifically,":[64],"GeoX-Bench":[65,169],"contains":[66],"10,859":[67],"panoramic-satellite":[68],"image":[69],"pairs":[70,88],"spanning":[71],"128":[72],"cities":[73],"49":[75],"countries,":[76],"along":[77],"with":[78],"corresponding":[79],"755,976":[80],"question-answering":[81],"(QA)":[82],"pairs.":[83],"Among":[84],"these,":[85],"42,900":[86],"QA":[87],"are":[89,96],"designated":[90],"benchmarking,":[92],"while":[93,134],"remaining":[95],"intended":[97],"enhance":[99],"LMMs.":[103],"Based":[104],"on":[105,115,147,164],"25":[112],"state-of-the-art":[113],"further":[123],"empowered":[126],"instruction-tuning.":[129],"Our":[130],"benchmark":[131],"demonstrate":[132],"that":[133],"current":[135],"achieve":[137],"impressive":[138],"performance":[139],"effectiveness":[144],"declines":[145],"significantly":[146,171],"more":[149],"complex":[150],"highlighting":[154],"critical":[156],"area":[157],"future":[159],"improvement,":[160],"instruction-tuning":[162],"training":[166],"data":[167],"can":[170],"improve":[172],"geo-sense":[175],"abilities.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2026-03-18T00:00:00"}
