{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7138412882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i15.38250","title":"Collaborative Transformers with Multi-Level Forensic Attention for Image Manipulation Localization","display_name":"Collaborative Transformers with Multi-Level Forensic Attention for Image Manipulation Localization","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7138412882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i15.38250"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i15.38250","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i15.38250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i15.38250","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129671879","display_name":"Jiwei Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1314849024","display_name":"Ministry of Culture","ror":"https://ror.org/028chwx32","country_code":"IN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314849024"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiwei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science (National Pilot School of Software Engineering), BUPT, Beijing, China\nKey Laboratory of Interactive Technology and Experience System, Ministry of Culture and Tourism(BUPT), Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science (National Pilot School of Software Engineering), BUPT, Beijing, China\nKey Laboratory of Interactive Technology and Experience System, Ministry of Culture and Tourism(BUPT), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314849024"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129683652","display_name":"Wenbo Feng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126199","display_name":"National Test Pilot School","ror":"https://ror.org/0396ezm18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126199"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenbo Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science (National Pilot School of Software Engineering), BUPT, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science (National Pilot School of Software Engineering), BUPT, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129658195","display_name":"Siwei Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802541053","display_name":"Academy of Military Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02bv3c993","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802541053"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158522","display_name":"PLA Academy of Military Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05ct4s596","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158522"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siwei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Intelligent Game and Decision Lab, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Intelligent Game and Decision Lab, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802541053","https://openalex.org/I4210158522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116677722","display_name":"Feifei Kou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126199","display_name":"National Test Pilot School","ror":"https://ror.org/0396ezm18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126199"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feifei Kou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science (National Pilot School of Software Engineering), BUPT, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science (National Pilot School of Software Engineering), BUPT, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129701175","display_name":"Haoyang Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180662265","display_name":"China Mobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gftfe97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoyang Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Mobile Internet Co., Ltd, GuangZhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Mobile Internet Co., Ltd, GuangZhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129671578","display_name":"Shaozhang Niu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126199","display_name":"National Test Pilot School","ror":"https://ror.org/0396ezm18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126199"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaozhang Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science (National Pilot School of Software Engineering), BUPT, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science (National Pilot School of Software Engineering), BUPT, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126199"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":21.6816,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98254099,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"15","first_page":"12556","last_page":"12563"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.003700000001117587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-manipulation","display_name":"Image manipulation","score":0.6787999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6036999821662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.4593000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.40139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.34779998660087585}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7203999757766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987933465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141130","display_name":"Image manipulation","level":3,"score":0.6787999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6036999821662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5677000284194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5047000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4593000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.40139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.34779998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.29580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.2915000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986045029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294240","display_name":"Public security","level":2,"score":0.2637999951839447}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i15.38250","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i15.38250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.aaai.org:article/38250","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/38250","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2159-5399","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i15.38250","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i15.38250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.576364278793335,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,82,92],"proliferation":[1],"of":[2,89],"the":[3,64,86,90,107,124,139],"tampered":[4,145],"images":[5],"on":[6,33,77],"social":[7],"media":[8],"can":[9,149],"pose":[10],"serious":[11],"societal":[12],"risks,":[13],"influencing":[14],"public":[15],"opinion":[16],"and":[17,62,70,115,168],"causing":[18],"panic.":[19],"Image":[20,50],"Manipulation":[21,51],"Localization":[22,52],"technique":[23],"has":[24],"advanced":[25],"to":[26,59,137,142],"address":[27,43],"this,":[28],"but":[29],"some":[30],"methods":[31],"focus":[32],"microscopic":[34,71,97,116],"traces,":[35,118,146],"overlooking":[36],"macroscopic":[37,68,112],"semantics":[38,69],"that":[39],"deceive":[40],"viewers.":[41],"To":[42],"this":[44,147],"problem,":[45],"we":[46,128],"propose":[47],"a":[48,130],"novel":[49],"framework":[53,74,108,161],"called":[54],"Collaborative":[55],"Transformers":[56],"(Co-Transformers),":[57],"designed":[58],"fully":[60],"explore":[61],"utilize":[63],"collaborative":[65],"information":[66],"between":[67,111],"traces.":[72,99],"This":[73],"is":[75],"based":[76],"two":[78,104],"Vision":[79],"Transformer":[80],"variants.":[81],"first":[83],"variant":[84,94],"captures":[85],"semantic":[87,113],"logic":[88],"image.":[91],"second":[93],"delves":[95],"into":[96,152],"tampering":[98],"By":[100],"dynamically":[101],"fusing":[102],"these":[103],"complementary":[105],"features,":[106],"enables":[109],"interaction":[110],"inconsistencies":[114],"abnormal":[117],"effectively":[119],"coordinating":[120],"their":[121],"relationship":[122],"in":[123,165],"latent":[125],"space.":[126],"Furthermore,":[127],"introduce":[129],"new":[131],"Multi-Level":[132],"Forensic":[133],"Attention":[134],"(MLF-Attention)":[135],"mechanism":[136,148],"enhance":[138],"model's":[140],"ability":[141],"extract":[143],"various":[144,173],"be":[150],"integrated":[151],"our":[153,159],"framework.":[154],"Compared":[155],"with":[156],"existing":[157],"methods,":[158],"proposed":[160],"achieves":[162],"state-of-the-art":[163],"results":[164],"localization":[166],"accuracy":[167],"shows":[169],"good":[170],"robustness":[171],"against":[172],"attacks.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2026-03-18T00:00:00"}