{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7137853130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i14.38173","title":"Beyond Boundaries: Leveraging Vision Foundation Models for Source-Free Object Detection","display_name":"Beyond Boundaries: Leveraging Vision Foundation Models for Source-Free Object Detection","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7137853130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i14.38173"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i14.38173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i14.38173","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/38173/42135","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/38173/42135","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104348362","display_name":"Huizai Yao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huizai Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thrust of Artificial Intelligence, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thrust of Artificial Intelligence, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129642640","display_name":"Sicheng Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I897549280","display_name":"Hologic (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/007zn4n28","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117952","https://openalex.org/I897549280"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN","DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sicheng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Tsinghua University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Tsinghua University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089","https://openalex.org/I897549280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034144783","display_name":"Pengteng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6697-376X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengteng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thrust of Artificial Intelligence, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thrust of Artificial Intelligence, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129707650","display_name":"Yi Cui","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thrust of Artificial Intelligence, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thrust of Artificial Intelligence, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129752928","display_name":"Shuo Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuo Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["NLPR & MAIS, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NLPR & MAIS, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129653934","display_name":"Weiyu Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiyu Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thrust of Artificial Intelligence, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thrust of Artificial Intelligence, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100528493","display_name":"Yunfan Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7371-3189"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunfan Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thrust of Artificial Intelligence, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thrust of Artificial Intelligence, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129656390","display_name":"Yijie Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yijie Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thrust of Artificial Intelligence, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thrust of Artificial Intelligence, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129687760","display_name":"Hui Xiong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thrust of Artificial Intelligence, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), China\nDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thrust of Artificial Intelligence, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), China\nDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5104348362"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08125915,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"14","first_page":"11866","last_page":"11874"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.7749000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.7749000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.1281999945640564,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.02500000037252903,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.7404000163078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.54830002784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighting","display_name":"Weighting","score":0.5414999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transferability","display_name":"Transferability","score":0.49900001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.47450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4041999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.38920000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7807999849319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.7404000163078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6241999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.54830002784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.5414999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61272859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834031","display_name":"Transferability","level":3,"score":0.49900001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.47450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.46389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4041999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.38920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.36160001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.3361999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3257000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3246999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.31769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101814296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5439685","display_name":"Feature model","level":3,"score":0.30630001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.29260000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.2888000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126422989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93586","display_name":"Feature detection (computer vision)","level":4,"score":0.2856999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64876066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141226","display_name":"Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition","level":3,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2614000141620636}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i14.38173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i14.38173","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/38173/42135","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i14.38173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i14.38173","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/38173/42135","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7496587634086609,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1782397203","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"92370204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5957623925","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023B151","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6130982387","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023B1515120057","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7137853130.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7137853130.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Source-Free":[0],"Object":[1],"Detection":[2],"(SFOD)":[3],"aims":[4],"to":[5,11,17,37,98,126,165,189],"adapt":[6],"a":[7,12,87],"source-pretrained":[8],"object":[9],"detector":[10],"target":[13],"domain":[14],"without":[15],"access":[16],"source":[18,31],"data.":[19],"However,":[20],"existing":[21],"SFOD":[22,80,89,181],"methods":[23],"predominantly":[24],"rely":[25],"on":[26,60,172],"internal":[27],"knowledge":[28,96],"from":[29,121,155],"the":[30,79,184],"model,":[32],"which":[33],"limits":[34],"their":[35,73],"capacity":[36],"generalize":[38],"across":[39],"domains":[40],"and":[41,51,62,69,103,146,158,193],"often":[42],"results":[43],"in":[44,78],"biased":[45],"pseudo-labels,":[46],"thereby":[47],"hindering":[48],"both":[49],"transferability":[50,192],"discriminability.":[52,194],"In":[53,82],"contrast,":[54],"Vision":[55],"Foundation":[56],"Models":[57],"(VFMs),":[58],"pretrained":[59],"massive":[61],"diverse":[63],"data,":[64],"exhibit":[65],"strong":[66],"perception":[67],"capabilities":[68],"broad":[70],"generalization,":[71],"yet":[72],"potential":[74],"remains":[75],"largely":[76],"untapped":[77],"setting.":[81],"this":[83],"paper,":[84],"we":[85,107],"propose":[86],"novel":[88],"framework":[90],"that":[91,176],"leverages":[92],"VFMs":[93,122,157,188],"as":[94],"external":[95],"sources":[97],"jointly":[99],"enhance":[100,127],"feature":[101,129],"alignment":[102],"label":[104],"quality.":[105],"Specifically,":[106],"design":[108],"three":[109],"VFM-based":[110],"modules:":[111],"(1)":[112],"Patch-weighted":[113],"Global":[114],"Feature":[115,134],"Alignment":[116,135],"(PGFA)":[117],"distills":[118],"global":[119,128],"features":[120],"using":[123],"patch-similarity\u2013based":[124],"weighting":[125],"transferability;":[130],"(2)":[131],"Prototype-based":[132],"Instance":[133],"(PIFA)":[136],"performs":[137],"instance-level":[138],"contrastive":[139],"learning":[140],"guided":[141],"by":[142],"momentum-updated":[143],"VFM":[144],"prototypes;":[145],"(3)":[147],"Dual-source":[148],"Enhanced":[149],"Pseudo-label":[150],"Fusion":[151],"(DEPF)":[152],"fuses":[153],"predictions":[154],"detection":[156],"teacher":[159],"models":[160],"via":[161],"an":[162],"entropy-aware":[163],"strategy":[164],"yield":[166],"more":[167],"reliable":[168],"supervision.":[169],"Extensive":[170],"experiments":[171],"six":[173],"benchmarks":[174],"demonstrate":[175],"our":[177],"method":[178],"achieves":[179],"state-of-the-art":[180],"performance,":[182],"validating":[183],"effectiveness":[185],"of":[186],"integrating":[187],"simultaneously":[190],"improve":[191]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2026-03-18T00:00:00"}