{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7137802027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i14.38137","title":"Diff-NAT: Better Naturalistic and Aggressive Adversarial Attacks via Class-Optimized Diffusion for Object Detection","display_name":"Diff-NAT: Better Naturalistic and Aggressive Adversarial Attacks via Class-Optimized Diffusion for Object Detection","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7137802027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i14.38137"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i14.38137","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i14.38137","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/38137/42099","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/38137/42099","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064304057","display_name":"Qinglong Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9553-8628"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qinglong Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123746143","display_name":"Tong Zou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063351753","display_name":"Xunpeng Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-3234"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xunpeng Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129657610","display_name":"Xinyu Xiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyu Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072012615","display_name":"Xuying Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuying Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129654853","display_name":"Hao Y. Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129692560","display_name":"Jiayi Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiayi Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064304057"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02397443,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"14","first_page":"11541","last_page":"11549"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.7548999786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naturalness","display_name":"Naturalness","score":0.5616000294685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorization","display_name":"Categorization","score":0.5153999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.48240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.47760000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.4474000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.4311000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prior-probability","display_name":"Prior probability","score":0.359499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-traversal","display_name":"Tree traversal","score":0.3580999970436096}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.805899977684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.7548999786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5993000268936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134537474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17144832","display_name":"Naturalness","level":2,"score":0.5616000294685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.5153999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.48240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.47760000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4560999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.4474000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4311000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177769412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278090","display_name":"Prior probability","level":3,"score":0.359499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140745168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1210082","display_name":"Tree traversal","level":2,"score":0.3580999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3425000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.3400999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.33169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.3172000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.31690001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.3003999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2973000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.2955000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778924833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7064603","display_name":"Novelty detection","level":3,"score":0.29319998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.28790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.2768999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.27390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22735295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317671","display_name":"Botnet","level":3,"score":0.26080000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.2533000111579895}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i14.38137","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i14.38137","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/38137/42099","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i14.38137","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i14.38137","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/38137/42099","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7599101066589355,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3299598301","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U23B2050","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G415731887","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62276192","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6496303321","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"K202504","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7137802027.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7137802027.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"advances":[1],"in":[2,11,142,155],"naturalistic":[3],"physical":[4,146],"adversarial":[5,54,132],"patch":[6],"generation":[7],"show":[8],"great":[9],"promise":[10],"protecting":[12],"personal":[13],"privacy":[14],"against":[15],"detector-based":[16],"malicious":[17],"surveillance":[18],"while":[19,115],"remaining":[20],"inconspicuous":[21],"to":[22],"human":[23],"observers.":[24],"In":[25],"this":[26,63],"work,":[27],"we":[28,65],"present":[29],"the":[30,53,136],"first":[31],"systematic":[32],"categorization":[33],"and":[34,86,101,145,161],"in-depth":[35],"re-examination":[36],"of":[37,157],"existing":[38,152],"methods":[39],"into":[40],"three":[41],"representative":[42],"paradigms,":[43],"revealing":[44],"a":[45,67,88],"pervasive":[46],"imbalance:":[47],"enforcing":[48],"naturalness":[49],"constraints":[50],"inherently":[51],"restricts":[52],"search":[55],"space,":[56],"thus":[57],"limiting":[58],"attack":[59],"performance.":[60],"To":[61],"address":[62],"challenge,":[64],"propose":[66],"novel":[68],"paradigm":[69],"based":[70],"on":[71],"class-optimized":[72],"diffusion,":[73],"termed":[74],"Diff-NAT.":[75],"Diff-NAT":[76,150],"leverages":[77],"pretrained":[78],"diffusion":[79],"models":[80],"as":[81],"powerful":[82],"natural":[83,137],"image":[84],"priors":[85],"introduces":[87],"unified":[89],"iterative":[90],"framework":[91],"that":[92,149],"jointly":[93],"optimizes":[94],"two":[95],"complementary":[96],"components:":[97],"semantic-level":[98],"textual":[99],"prompts":[100],"instance-level":[102],"latent":[103,116],"codes.":[104],"Specifically,":[105],"prompt":[106],"optimization":[107,127],"enables":[108],"broad":[109],"traversal":[110],"across":[111],"inter-class":[112],"semantic":[113,138],"regions,":[114],"refinement":[117],"allows":[118],"for":[119],"fine-grained":[120],"manipulation":[121],"within":[122,135],"class":[123],"objectives.":[124],"This":[125],"dual-level":[126],"facilitates":[128],"progressive":[129],"navigation":[130],"toward":[131],"distributions":[133],"embedded":[134],"manifold.":[139],"Extensive":[140],"experiments":[141],"both":[143,158],"digital":[144],"settings":[147],"demonstrate":[148],"outperforms":[151],"SOTA":[153],"approaches":[154],"terms":[156],"visual":[159],"realism":[160],"aggressiveness.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-03T22:45:19.894376","created_date":"2026-03-18T00:00:00"}