{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7138125952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i13.38085","title":"Unnoticed Yet Effective: A Hybrid Physical Camouflage Framework Against DNNs and Human Perception","display_name":"Unnoticed Yet Effective: A Hybrid Physical Camouflage Framework Against DNNs and Human Perception","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7138125952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i13.38085"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i13.38085","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i13.38085","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/38085/42047","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/38085/42047","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076218215","display_name":"Mingye Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9826-9806"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mingye Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129699773","display_name":"Jiacheng Ruan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiacheng Ruan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003889945","display_name":"Xian Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5301-0515"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xian Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129653034","display_name":"Ting Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129722121","display_name":"Yuzhuo Fu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuzhuo Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076218215"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.34475375,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"13","first_page":"11069","last_page":"11077"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.48330000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.48330000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.11400000005960464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.09380000084638596,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/camouflage","display_name":"Camouflage","score":0.9690999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deception","display_name":"Deception","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.6297000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.6037999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.5735999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","score":0.4781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.45210000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preference","display_name":"Preference","score":0.3456000089645386}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776196576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196113","display_name":"Camouflage","level":2,"score":0.9690999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6879000067710876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779267917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170028","display_name":"Deception","level":2,"score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.6297000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.6037999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5735999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.541100025177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.45210000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.3456000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89798240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196327","display_name":"Crypsis","level":3,"score":0.3440999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.29789999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.2896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.27649998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781045450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254569","display_name":"Backdoor","level":2,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.272599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117035363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3769299","display_name":"Human behavior","level":2,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.2513999938964844}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i13.38085","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i13.38085","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/38085/42047","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i13.38085","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i13.38085","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/38085/42047","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7138125952.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"adversarial":[1,63],"attacks":[2,67],"can":[3],"effectively":[4],"deceive":[5],"deep":[6],"neural":[7],"networks,":[8],"their":[9,22],"real-world":[10,119],"applicability":[11],"is":[12],"often":[13],"limited":[14],"by":[15],"complex":[16],"and":[17,44,71,92,112],"conspicuous":[18],"patterns":[19,64],"that":[20,99],"reveal":[21],"attack":[23],"intent":[24],"to":[25,40,61,89],"human":[26,46,110],"observers.":[27],"To":[28],"overcome":[29],"this":[30],"limitation,":[31],"we":[32],"propose":[33],"UYE,":[34],"a":[35,57,72,77],"novel":[36],"camouflage":[37,94],"framework":[38],"designed":[39],"simultaneously":[41],"mislead":[42],"DNNs":[43],"evade":[45],"perception.":[47],"UYE":[48,100],"incorporates":[49],"two":[50],"key":[51],"components:":[52],"an":[53,106],"attention":[54],"refiner":[55],"leveraging":[56],"pre-trained":[58],"vision":[59],"encoder":[60],"optimize":[62],"for":[65],"robust":[66],"across":[68],"diverse":[69],"environments,":[70],"perception":[73],"evaluator":[74],"trained":[75],"on":[76],"preference":[78],"dataset":[79],"curated":[80],"using":[81],"tailored":[82],"prompts":[83],"from":[84],"human-aligned":[85],"large":[86],"multimodal":[87],"models":[88],"ensure":[90],"natural":[91],"unobtrusive":[93],"generation.":[95],"Extensive":[96],"experiments":[97],"demonstrate":[98],"outperforms":[101],"state-of-the-art":[102],"methods":[103],"in":[104,118],"achieving":[105],"optimal":[107],"balance":[108],"between":[109],"stealth":[111],"model":[113],"deception":[114],"while":[115],"maintaining":[116],"effectiveness":[117],"scenarios.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T20:47:17.329874","created_date":"2026-03-18T00:00:00"}