{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409366874","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v39i6.32635","title":"Step-Calibrated Diffusion for Biomedical Optical Image Restoration","display_name":"Step-Calibrated Diffusion for Biomedical Optical Image Restoration","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409366874","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v39i6.32635","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41001081"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v39i6.32635","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v39i6.32635","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v39i6.32635","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082318434","display_name":"Yiwei Lyu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3882-4246"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yiwei Lyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032969721","display_name":"Sung Jik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3469-8382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649380","display_name":"Western Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j198w64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sung Jik Cha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Western Michigan University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Western Michigan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101808651","display_name":"Cheng Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6135-3991"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076236138","display_name":"Asadur Chowdury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5653-9721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asadur Zaman Chowdury","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036316753","display_name":"Xinhai Hou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinhai Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016366708","display_name":"Edward Harake","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8865-1267"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward S. Harake","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004551167","display_name":"Akhil Kondepudi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-7580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akhil Kondepudi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004406151","display_name":"Christian W. Freudiger","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106675","display_name":"Invenio Imaging (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01prj3807","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106675"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Freudiger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Invenio Imaging"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Invenio Imaging","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106675"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108652283","display_name":"Honglak Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1279-0068"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Honglak Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["LG AI Research","University of Michigan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LG AI Research","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056536623","display_name":"Todd Hollon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5987-6531"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Todd C. Hollon","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082318434"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5694,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84319527,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"6","first_page":"5946","last_page":"5954"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12015","display_name":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12015","display_name":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.9767000079154968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9573000073432922,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-restoration","display_name":"Image restoration","score":0.6048917770385742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffusion","display_name":"Diffusion","score":0.527782142162323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4538972079753876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.41738396883010864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.36853551864624023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3531695604324341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.270779550075531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1674533188343048}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106430172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002272","display_name":"Image restoration","level":4,"score":0.6048917770385742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69357855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163214","display_name":"Diffusion","level":2,"score":0.527782142162323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4538972079753876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.41738396883010864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.36853551864624023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3531695604324341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.270779550075531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1674533188343048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v39i6.32635","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v39i6.32635","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41001081","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41001081","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ... AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11267974","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12459432","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12459432/pdf/nihms-2066431.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12459432","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12459432/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proc AAAI Conf Artif Intell","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v39i6.32635","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v39i6.32635","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309652","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312200","display_name":"Ian's Friends Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05d56bw89"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High-quality,":[0],"high-resolution":[1],"medical":[2],"imaging":[3,12,40,149,177],"is":[4,25,41,65,190],"essential":[5],"for":[6,27,124,144],"clinical":[7,176],"care.":[8],"Raman-based":[9],"biomedical":[10],"optical":[11,39,63,146],"uses":[13,105],"non-ionizing":[14],"infrared":[15],"radiation":[16],"to":[17,43,47,86,110,118,164],"evaluate":[18],"human":[19],"tissues":[20],"in":[21,55,157],"real":[22],"time":[23],"and":[24,34,50,58,80,140,161,184],"used":[26,131],"early":[28],"cancer":[29],"detection,":[30],"brain":[31,181],"tumor":[32,182],"diagnosis,":[33],"intraoperative":[35],"tissue":[36,186],"analysis.":[37],"Unfortunately,":[38],"vulnerable":[42],"image":[44,75,101,125,133,138],"degradation":[45,76],"due":[46],"laser":[48],"scattering":[49],"absorption,":[51],"which":[52],"can":[53],"result":[54],"diagnostic":[56],"errors":[57],"misguided":[59],"treatment.":[60],"Restoration":[61],"of":[62,74,115],"images":[64,153],"a":[66,83,106],"challenging":[67],"computer":[68],"vision":[69],"task":[70],"because":[71],"the":[72,113,120],"sources":[73],"are":[77],"multi-factorial,":[78],"stochastic,":[79],"tissue-dependent,":[81],"preventing":[82],"straightforward":[84],"method":[85,103],"obtain":[87],"paired":[88],"low-quality/high-quality":[89],"data.":[90],"Here,":[91],"we":[92,168],"present":[93],"Restorative":[94],"Step-Calibrated":[95],"Diffusion":[96],"(RSCD),":[97],"an":[98],"unpaired":[99,132],"diffusion-based":[100],"restoration":[102,134],"that":[104,170],"step":[107],"calibrator":[108],"model":[109],"dynamically":[111],"determine":[112],"number":[114],"steps":[116],"required":[117],"complete":[119],"reverse":[121],"diffusion":[122],"process":[123],"restoration.":[126],"RSCD":[127,156,171],"outperforms":[128],"other":[129],"widely":[130],"methods":[135],"on":[136,174],"both":[137],"quality":[139],"perceptual":[141],"evaluation":[142],"metrics":[143],"restoring":[145],"images.":[147],"Medical":[148],"experts":[150],"consistently":[151],"prefer":[152],"restored":[154],"using":[155],"blinded":[158],"comparison":[159],"experiments":[160],"report":[162],"minimal":[163],"no":[165],"hallucinations.":[166],"Finally,":[167],"show":[169],"improves":[172],"performance":[173],"downstream":[175],"tasks,":[178],"including":[179],"automated":[180],"diagnosis":[183],"deep":[185],"imaging.":[187],"Our":[188],"code":[189],"available":[191],"at":[192],"https://github.com/MLNeurosurg/restorative_step-calibrated_diffusion.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}