{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2905087861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.3301930","title":"Deep Reinforcement Learning for Syntactic Error Repair in Student Programs","display_name":"Deep Reinforcement Learning for Syntactic Error Repair in Student Programs","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2905087861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.3301930","mag":"2905087861"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v33i01.3301930","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.3301930","pdf_url":"https://aaai.org/ojs/index.php/AAAI/article/download/3882/3760","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://aaai.org/ojs/index.php/AAAI/article/download/3882/3760","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075937808","display_name":"Rahul Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9277-3718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59270414","display_name":"Indian Institute of Science Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/04dese585","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rahul Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Science"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107245208","display_name":"Aditya Kanade","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59270414","display_name":"Indian Institute of Science Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/04dese585","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aditya Kanade","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Science"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026126465","display_name":"Shirish Shevade","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7202-6860"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59270414","display_name":"Indian Institute of Science Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/04dese585","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shirish Shevade","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Science"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075937808"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.8072,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98477525,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"01","first_page":"930","last_page":"937"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9853000044822693,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9710000157356262,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8863142728805542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntax","display_name":"Syntax","score":0.7508743405342102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.674335777759552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntax-error","display_name":"Syntax error","score":0.6586579084396362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5919107794761658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.49139204621315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.458290696144104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstract-syntax-tree","display_name":"Abstract syntax tree","score":0.2789592742919922}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8863142728805542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntax","level":2,"score":0.7508743405342102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.674335777759552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11742125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195374","display_name":"Syntax error","level":4,"score":0.6586579084396362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5919107794761658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.49139204621315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.458290696144104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58646249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127380","display_name":"Abstract syntax tree","level":3,"score":0.2789592742919922}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v33i01.3301930","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.3301930","pdf_url":"https://aaai.org/ojs/index.php/AAAI/article/download/3882/3760","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai::78187","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401429","display_name":"ePrints@IISc (Indian Institute of Science)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I59270414","host_organization_name":"Indian Institute of Science Bangalore","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v33i01.3301930","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.3301930","pdf_url":"https://aaai.org/ojs/index.php/AAAI/article/download/3882/3760","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8799999952316284,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2905087861.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2905087861.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1815076433","https://openalex.org/W1931877416","https://openalex.org/W1934909785","https://openalex.org/W1986014385","https://openalex.org/W1996161790","https://openalex.org/W1999874108","https://openalex.org/W2012312630","https://openalex.org/W2098297786","https://openalex.org/W2109494378","https://openalex.org/W2125257468","https://openalex.org/W2127672659","https://openalex.org/W2129740354","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2169209873","https://openalex.org/W2260756217","https://openalex.org/W2299643279","https://openalex.org/W2474318526","https://openalex.org/W2605202003","https://openalex.org/W2729177083","https://openalex.org/W2740349831","https://openalex.org/W2751516180","https://openalex.org/W2886081451","https://openalex.org/W2911684737","https://openalex.org/W2953384591","https://openalex.org/W2964043796","https://openalex.org/W3003163926","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W4302317131","https://openalex.org/W6646884813","https://openalex.org/W6666761814","https://openalex.org/W6674756558","https://openalex.org/W6678954781"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1530314747","https://openalex.org/W2005927140","https://openalex.org/W1638016577","https://openalex.org/W3210858091","https://openalex.org/W4296517586","https://openalex.org/W2046704574","https://openalex.org/W4313167435","https://openalex.org/W2613250302","https://openalex.org/W2047991803","https://openalex.org/W1988370859"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Novice":[0],"programmers":[1],"often":[2,32],"struggle":[3],"with":[4,20,133],"the":[5,12,21,37,87,96,112,116],"formal":[6,113],"syntax":[7,114],"of":[8,23,111,115],"programming":[9,62,117,142],"languages.":[10],"In":[11],"traditional":[13],"classroom":[14],"setting,":[15],"they":[16],"can":[17,89],"make":[18],"progress":[19],"help":[22],"real":[24],"time":[25],"feedback":[26],"from":[27,95],"their":[28],"instructors":[29],"which":[30,164],"is":[31],"impossible":[33],"to":[34,51,67,75],"get":[35],"in":[36],"massive":[38],"open":[39],"online":[40],"course":[41],"(MOOC)":[42],"setting.":[43],"Syntactic":[44],"error":[45,161],"repair":[46,162],"techniques":[47],"have":[48],"huge":[49],"potential":[50],"assist":[52],"them":[53],"at":[54],"scale.":[55],"Towards":[56],"this,":[57],"we":[58],"design":[59],"a":[60,124,158,166],"novel":[61],"language":[63],"correction":[64],"framework":[65,71],"amenable":[66],"reinforcement":[68],"learning.":[69],"The":[70],"allows":[72],"an":[73,140],"agent":[74,88],"mimic":[76],"human":[77],"actions":[78],"for":[79],"text":[80,102],"navigation":[81],"and":[82,151],"editing.":[83],"We":[84,119],"demonstrate":[85],"that":[86,99],"be":[90],"trained":[91],"through":[92],"self-exploration":[93],"directly":[94],"raw":[97],"input,":[98],"is,":[100],"program":[101,154],"itself,":[103],"without":[104],"either":[105],"supervision":[106],"or":[107],"any":[108],"prior":[109],"knowledge":[110],"language.":[118],"evaluate":[120],"our":[121],"technique":[122,145],"on":[123],"publicly":[125],"available":[126],"dataset":[127],"containing":[128],"6975":[129],"erroneous":[130],"C":[131],"programs":[132,149],"typographic":[134],"errors,":[135],"written":[136],"by":[137],"students":[138],"during":[139],"introductory":[141],"course.":[143],"Our":[144],"fixes":[146],"1699":[147],"(24.4%)":[148],"completely":[150],"1310":[152],"(18.8%)":[153],"partially,":[155],"outperforming":[156],"DeepFix,":[157],"state-of-the-art":[159],"syntactic":[160],"technique,":[163],"uses":[165],"fully":[167],"supervised":[168],"neural":[169],"machine":[170],"translation":[171],"approach.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
