{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963683498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33019185","title":"Large-Scale Visual Relationship Understanding","display_name":"Large-Scale Visual Relationship Understanding","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963683498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33019185","mag":"2963683498"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33019185","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33019185","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/4953/4826","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/4953/4826","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103527161","display_name":"Ji Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7776-9630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096112","display_name":"Rutgers Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights","ror":"https://ror.org/00rcvgx40","country_code":"NL","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096112"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ji Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rutgers University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rutgers University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096112"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042126127","display_name":"Yannis Kalantidis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2252078561","display_name":"Meta (Israel)","ror":"https://ror.org/02388em19","country_code":"IL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561","https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yannis Kalantidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024481540","display_name":"Marcus Rohrbach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5908-7751"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2252078561","display_name":"Meta (Israel)","ror":"https://ror.org/02388em19","country_code":"IL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561","https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcus Rohrbach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054437548","display_name":"Manohar Paluri","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2252078561","display_name":"Meta (Israel)","ror":"https://ror.org/02388em19","country_code":"IL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561","https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manohar Paluri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039640321","display_name":"Ahmed Elgammal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2761-4822"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096112","display_name":"Rutgers Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights","ror":"https://ror.org/00rcvgx40","country_code":"NL","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096112"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Elgammal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rutgers University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rutgers University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096112"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085089542","display_name":"Mohamed Elhoseiny","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9659-1551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2252078561","display_name":"Meta (Israel)","ror":"https://ror.org/02388em19","country_code":"IL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561","https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Elhoseiny","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103527161"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096112"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.7371,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":143,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98606272,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"01","first_page":"9185","last_page":"9194"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.7531185746192932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.740479052066803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6324468851089478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.542115330696106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5325061082839966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-space","display_name":"Semantic space","score":0.5042189359664917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.4834752678871155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relation","display_name":"Relation (database)","score":0.4818369150161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.46423497796058655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.44345802068710327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-reasoning","display_name":"Visual reasoning","score":0.43221670389175415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4297385513782501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4205705523490906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modalities","display_name":"Modalities","score":0.414615273475647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.34871163964271545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.24657779932022095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.08786365389823914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.0861254632472992}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.7531185746192932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.740479052066803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6324468851089478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.542115330696106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5325061082839966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986420190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39045939","display_name":"Semantic space","level":2,"score":0.5042189359664917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.4834752678871155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.4818369150161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.46423497796058655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.44345802068710327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777508537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936620","display_name":"Visual reasoning","level":2,"score":0.43221670389175415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4297385513782501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4205705523490906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.414615273475647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.34871163964271545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.24657779932022095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.08786365389823914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0861254632472992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33019185","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33019185","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/4953/4826","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33019185","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33019185","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/4953/4826","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7599999904632568,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2963683498.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2963683498.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W64813323","https://openalex.org/W93016980","https://openalex.org/W168564468","https://openalex.org/W870084106","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2070753207","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2123024445","https://openalex.org/W2124033848","https://openalex.org/W2145215286","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2171361956","https://openalex.org/W2254252455","https://openalex.org/W2277195237","https://openalex.org/W2287889828","https://openalex.org/W2288122362","https://openalex.org/W2479423890","https://openalex.org/W2566618089","https://openalex.org/W2579549467","https://openalex.org/W2591644541","https://openalex.org/W2604254608","https://openalex.org/W2605736949","https://openalex.org/W2607855566","https://openalex.org/W2629538667","https://openalex.org/W2740693737","https://openalex.org/W2740962769","https://openalex.org/W2743101122","https://openalex.org/W2743507428","https://openalex.org/W2744926832","https://openalex.org/W2754191212","https://openalex.org/W2769277182","https://openalex.org/W2774267535","https://openalex.org/W2777602943","https://openalex.org/W2883170015","https://openalex.org/W2886970679","https://openalex.org/W2914874661","https://openalex.org/W2950700180","https://openalex.org/W2962737704","https://openalex.org/W2962811161","https://openalex.org/W2963389687","https://openalex.org/W2963536419","https://openalex.org/W2963650529","https://openalex.org/W2963758027","https://openalex.org/W2963980128","https://openalex.org/W2964181976","https://openalex.org/W4294170691","https://openalex.org/W4297571622","https://openalex.org/W4299801216","https://openalex.org/W6639102338","https://openalex.org/W6676297131","https://openalex.org/W6678360021","https://openalex.org/W6685230081","https://openalex.org/W6713715686","https://openalex.org/W6721769334","https://openalex.org/W6732298944","https://openalex.org/W6735817726","https://openalex.org/W6739930931","https://openalex.org/W6741749611","https://openalex.org/W6744687283"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389116644","https://openalex.org/W2153315159","https://openalex.org/W3103844505","https://openalex.org/W259157601","https://openalex.org/W4205463238","https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W1482209366","https://openalex.org/W2110523656","https://openalex.org/W2521627374","https://openalex.org/W4360950922"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"scale":[1,122,158],"visual":[2,71,119],"understanding":[3],"is":[4,201],"challenging,":[5],"as":[6],"it":[7],"requires":[8],"a":[9,45,70,73,84,141,157,202],"model":[10,49,111,139,173],"to":[11,93,103,124],"handle":[12],"the":[13,80,118,135,178,192,196],"widely-spread":[14],"and":[15,31,53,63,72,143,154,195],"imbalanced":[16,144],"distribution":[17],"of":[18,29,90,137,147,171,204],"\u2329subject,":[19],"relation,":[20],"object\u232a":[21],"triples.":[22],"In":[23],"real-world":[24],"scenarios":[25],"with":[26,128,183,207],"large":[27,142],"numbers":[28],"objects":[30,52,153],"relations,":[32,156],"some":[33],"are":[34,40,66],"seen":[35],"very":[36],"commonly":[37],"while":[38],"others":[39],"barely":[41],"seen.":[42],"We":[43,68,133,168,186],"develop":[44],"new":[46],"relationship":[47],"detection":[48],"that":[50,76,150],"embeds":[51],"relations":[54],"into":[55,83],"two":[56,81],"vector":[57],"spaces":[58],"where":[59,87],"both":[60],"discriminative":[61],"capability":[62],"semantic":[64,74],"affinity":[65],"preserved.":[67],"learn":[69],"module":[75],"map":[77],"features":[78,91],"from":[79,108],"modalities":[82],"shared":[85],"space,":[86],"matched":[88],"pairs":[89],"have":[92],"discriminate":[94],"against":[95],"those":[96],"unmatched,":[97],"but":[98],"also":[99,187],"maintain":[100],"close":[101],"distances":[102],"semantically":[104],"similar":[105],"ones.":[106],"Benefiting":[107],"that,":[109],"our":[110,138,172],"can":[112],"achieve":[113],"superior":[114],"performance":[115,190],"even":[116],"when":[117],"entity":[120],"categories":[121],"up":[123],"more":[125],"than":[126],"80,000,":[127],"extremely":[129],"skewed":[130],"class":[131],"distribution.":[132],"demonstrate":[134],"efficacy":[136],"on":[140,177,191],"benchmark":[145],"based":[146],"Visual":[148,180,205],"Genome":[149,181,206],"comprises":[151],"53,000+":[152],"29,000+":[155],"at":[159],"which":[160,200],"no":[161],"previous":[162],"work":[163],"has":[164],"been":[165],"evaluated":[166],"at.":[167],"show":[169,188],"superiority":[170],"over":[174],"competitive":[175],"baselines":[176],"original":[179],"dataset":[182,194,199],"80,000+":[184],"categories.":[185,209],"state-of-the-art":[189],"VRD":[193],"scene":[197],"graph":[198],"subset":[203],"200":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
