{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2903674902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33016457","title":"Switch-LSTMs for Multi-Criteria Chinese Word Segmentation","display_name":"Switch-LSTMs for Multi-Criteria Chinese Word Segmentation","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2903674902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33016457","mag":"2903674902"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33016457","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33016457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33016457","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110389051","display_name":"Jingjing Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4072-3982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingjing Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028108458","display_name":"Xinchi Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinchi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058353652","display_name":"Tao Gui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6154-0751"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Gui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044665993","display_name":"Xipeng Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7163-5247"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xipeng Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"01","first_page":"6457","last_page":"6464"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8770877122879028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.867328405380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6266276836395264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6125839948654175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-segmentation","display_name":"Text segmentation","score":0.5894008874893188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.5658004283905029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5489986538887024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.517790675163269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.5011298656463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.4384259283542633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.38693967461586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3737639784812927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.345308780670166}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8770877122879028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.867328405380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6266276836395264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6125839948654175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98501671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1948408","display_name":"Text segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5894008874893188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.5658004283905029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5489986538887024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.517790675163269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.5011298656463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.4384259283542633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.38693967461586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3737639784812927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.345308780670166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33016457","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33016457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.aaai.org:article/4610","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/4610","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/4610/4488","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2159-5399","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33016457","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33016457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4666185321","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"16JC1420401","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321885","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4918981142","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61751201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6449467950","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"17JC1404100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321885","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6564481282","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u6df1\u5ea6\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u81ea\u52a8\u95ee\u7b54\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61672162","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7475107363","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"16JC1420401","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321885","display_name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","ror":"https://ror.org/03kt66j61"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W25062297","https://openalex.org/W1588242179","https://openalex.org/W2147880316","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2160513510","https://openalex.org/W2250649184","https://openalex.org/W2250739653","https://openalex.org/W2251362855","https://openalex.org/W2251804052","https://openalex.org/W2251811146","https://openalex.org/W2252225757","https://openalex.org/W2274880506","https://openalex.org/W2400932086","https://openalex.org/W2516334389","https://openalex.org/W2550821151","https://openalex.org/W2562135657","https://openalex.org/W2567359325","https://openalex.org/W2609232568","https://openalex.org/W2757550874","https://openalex.org/W2963355640","https://openalex.org/W2963628345","https://openalex.org/W2964034111","https://openalex.org/W4294170691","https://openalex.org/W6666761814","https://openalex.org/W6689098867","https://openalex.org/W6717968132","https://openalex.org/W6726140849","https://openalex.org/W6731631983","https://openalex.org/W6744481499","https://openalex.org/W6759193872"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2172629291","https://openalex.org/W2380773642","https://openalex.org/W2384559435","https://openalex.org/W2337707338","https://openalex.org/W2393940967","https://openalex.org/W2159591557","https://openalex.org/W2785359773","https://openalex.org/W2058548953","https://openalex.org/W2385598138","https://openalex.org/W2366925922"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multi-criteria":[0],"Chinese":[1,32],"word":[2,33,55],"segmentation":[3,14,37,50,56,132],"is":[4,57,108],"a":[5,27,36,58,83,100],"promising":[6],"but":[7],"challenging":[8],"task,":[9],"which":[10,45,72,107],"exploits":[11],"several":[12,75],"different":[13],"criteria":[15],"and":[16,82,139],"mines":[17],"their":[18],"common":[19],"underlying":[20],"knowledge.":[21],"In":[22],"this":[23,64],"paper,":[24],"we":[25,66],"propose":[26],"flexible":[28,102],"multi-criteria":[29,105],"learning":[30],"for":[31,104],"segmentation.":[34],"Usually,":[35],"criterion":[38],"could":[39],"be":[40],"decomposed":[41],"into":[42],"multiple":[43],"sub-criteria,":[44],"are":[46],"shareable":[47],"with":[48,130],"other":[49],"criteria.":[51,118],"The":[52],"process":[53],"of":[54,74],"routing":[59,89],"among":[60,90],"these":[61,91,94],"sub-criteria.":[62],"From":[63],"perspective,":[65],"present":[67],"Switch-LSTMs":[68],"to":[69,85,111,116,135],"segment":[70],"words,":[71],"consist":[73],"long":[76],"short-term":[77],"memory":[78],"neural":[79],"networks":[80],"(LSTM),":[81],"switcher":[84],"automatically":[86],"switch":[87],"the":[88,113,136],"LSTMs.":[92],"With":[93],"auto-switched":[95],"LSTMs,":[96],"our":[97,122],"model":[98,123],"provides":[99],"more":[101],"solution":[103],"CWS,":[106],"also":[109],"easy":[110],"transfer":[112],"learned":[114],"knowledge":[115],"new":[117],"Experiments":[119],"show":[120],"that":[121],"obtains":[124],"significant":[125],"improvements":[126],"on":[127],"eight":[128],"corpora":[129],"heterogeneous":[131],"criteria,":[133],"compared":[134],"previous":[137],"method":[138],"single-criterion":[140],"learning.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-07-17T09:13:05.818461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}