{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2904715593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.3301622","title":"Allocating Interventions Based on Predicted Outcomes: A Case Study on Homelessness Services","display_name":"Allocating Interventions Based on Predicted Outcomes: A Case Study on Homelessness Services","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2904715593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.3301622","mag":"2904715593"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v33i01.3301622","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.3301622","pdf_url":"https://aaai.org/ojs/index.php/AAAI/article/download/3838/3716","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://aaai.org/ojs/index.php/AAAI/article/download/3838/3716","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089829394","display_name":"Amanda Kube","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4814-3209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amanda Kube","raw_affiliation_strings":["Washington University in St. Louis"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Washington University in St. Louis","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046273513","display_name":"Sanmay Das","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6814-871X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanmay Das","raw_affiliation_strings":["Washington University in St. Louis"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Washington University in St. Louis","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032825437","display_name":"Patrick J. Fowler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3941-3916"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick J. Fowler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Washington University in St. Louis"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Washington University in St. Louis","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"01","first_page":"622","last_page":"629"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11464","display_name":"Homelessness and Social Issues","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11464","display_name":"Homelessness and Social Issues","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11817","display_name":"Housing, Finance, and Neoliberalism","score":0.9761000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.9740999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterfactual-thinking","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","score":0.8946515917778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-intervention","display_name":"Psychological intervention","score":0.7501245141029358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equity","display_name":"Equity (law)","score":0.694786787033081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.6270887851715088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metropolitan-area","display_name":"Metropolitan area","score":0.603246808052063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.568725049495697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.4522278606891632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-economics","display_name":"Public economics","score":0.426298052072525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4194217622280121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.41513383388519287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3995903730392456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuarial-science","display_name":"Actuarial science","score":0.3685190975666046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.32418882846832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2095736265182495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1245463490486145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.1050136387348175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.09435847401618958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.0895133912563324}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108650721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783253","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","level":2,"score":0.8946515917778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.7501245141029358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199728807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2578557","display_name":"Equity (law)","level":2,"score":0.694786787033081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.6270887851715088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158739034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907114","display_name":"Metropolitan area","level":2,"score":0.603246808052063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.568725049495697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4522278606891632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.426298052072525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4194217622280121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.41513383388519287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3995903730392456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.3685190975666046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.32418882846832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2095736265182495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1245463490486145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1050136387348175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09435847401618958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0895133912563324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v33i01.3301622","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.3301622","pdf_url":"https://aaai.org/ojs/index.php/AAAI/article/download/3838/3716","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.aaai.org:article/3838","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/3838","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/3838/3716","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2159-5399","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v33i01.3301622","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.3301622","pdf_url":"https://aaai.org/ojs/index.php/AAAI/article/download/3838/3716","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1954862906","display_name":"RI: Small: Modeling Platform Competition: A Multi-Agent Systems Approach","funder_award_id":"1527037","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4152492475","display_name":"REU Site: Big Data Analytics","funder_award_id":"1560191","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1077719064","https://openalex.org/W1982029357","https://openalex.org/W2064903582","https://openalex.org/W2154430741","https://openalex.org/W2154566431","https://openalex.org/W2171982581","https://openalex.org/W2203167467","https://openalex.org/W2295695533","https://openalex.org/W2389937032","https://openalex.org/W2398472606","https://openalex.org/W2527825245","https://openalex.org/W2573660794","https://openalex.org/W2584805976","https://openalex.org/W2726816714","https://openalex.org/W2740807275","https://openalex.org/W2751173605","https://openalex.org/W2764072425","https://openalex.org/W2806672042","https://openalex.org/W2806845431","https://openalex.org/W2886915448","https://openalex.org/W2963178340","https://openalex.org/W2964271126","https://openalex.org/W3099006712","https://openalex.org/W3122264942","https://openalex.org/W3126032681","https://openalex.org/W4386564360","https://openalex.org/W6634472118","https://openalex.org/W6682773826","https://openalex.org/W6687881019","https://openalex.org/W6743857112","https://openalex.org/W6765646913"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3201448254","https://openalex.org/W4286970243","https://openalex.org/W2066431708","https://openalex.org/W4384133558","https://openalex.org/W3025615835","https://openalex.org/W173210993","https://openalex.org/W2390660599","https://openalex.org/W1987978726","https://openalex.org/W2157970304","https://openalex.org/W2535535418"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modern":[0],"statistical":[1],"and":[2,163,168],"machine":[3],"learning":[4],"methods":[5],"are":[6,140],"increasingly":[7],"capable":[8],"of":[9,39,56,62,90,94,100,114,119,138,147],"modeling":[10],"individual":[11,29],"or":[12],"personalized":[13],"treatment":[14],"effects.":[15],"These":[16],"predictions":[17],"could":[18],"be":[19,44,131],"used":[20],"to":[21,53,82,110,142],"allocate":[22],"different":[23,40,117],"interventions":[24,42],"across":[25],"populations":[26],"based":[27],"on":[28,107],"characteristics.":[30],"In":[31],"many":[32],"domains,":[33],"like":[34],"social":[35],"services,":[36],"the":[37,54,60,74,92,126,150,155,160],"availability":[38],"possible":[41,51],"can":[43],"severely":[45],"resource":[46],"limited.":[47],"This":[48],"paper":[49],"considers":[50],"improvements":[52],"allocation":[55,127,152],"such":[57],"services":[58],"in":[59,66,88,116,125,149,154],"context":[61],"homelessness":[63,101,120],"service":[64,121],"provision":[65],"a":[67,79,111,135,144],"major":[68],"metropolitan":[69],"area.":[70],"Using":[71],"data":[72],"from":[73],"homeless":[75],"system,":[76],"we":[77],"use":[78],"counterfactual":[80],"approach":[81],"show":[83],"potential":[84,170],"for":[85,172],"substantial":[86],"benefits":[87],"terms":[89],"reducing":[91],"number":[93,113],"families":[95],"who":[96],"experience":[97],"repeat":[98],"episodes":[99],"by":[102],"choosing":[103],"optimal":[104,151],"allocations":[105],"(based":[106],"predicted":[108,141],"outcomes)":[109],"fixed":[112],"beds":[115],"types":[118],"facilities.":[122],"Such":[123],"changes":[124],"mechanism":[128],"would":[129],"not":[130],"without":[132],"tradeoffs,":[133],"however;":[134],"significant":[136],"fraction":[137],"households":[139],"have":[143],"higher":[145],"probability":[146],"re-entry":[148],"than":[153],"original":[156],"one.":[157],"We":[158],"discuss":[159],"efficiency,":[161],"equity":[162],"fairness":[164],"issues":[165],"that":[166],"arise":[167],"consider":[169],"implications":[171],"policy.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
