{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2900130428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33013598","title":"Fully Convolutional Network with Multi-Step Reinforcement Learning for Image Processing","display_name":"Fully Convolutional Network with Multi-Step Reinforcement Learning for Image Processing","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2900130428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33013598","mag":"2900130428"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33013598","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33013598","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33013598","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091227949","display_name":"Ryosuke Furuta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1441-889X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryosuke Furuta","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058832609","display_name":"Naoto Inoue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1969-2006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naoto Inoue","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048624196","display_name":"Toshihiko Yamasaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1784-2314"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toshihiko Yamasaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"01","first_page":"3598","last_page":"3605"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8341094255447388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.7914340496063232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.780988872051239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7543827891349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.6135438680648804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5443410873413086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5392393469810486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.42748379707336426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.40270450711250305}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8341094255447388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.7914340496063232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.780988872051239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7543827891349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.6135438680648804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5443410873413086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5392393469810486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.42748379707336426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.40270450711250305}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33013598","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33013598","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.aaai.org:article/4240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/4240","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/4240/4118","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2159-5399","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33013598","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33013598","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1875132913","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPMJCR1686","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338075","funder_display_name":"Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5187056629","display_name":"\u30de\u30eb\u30b3\u30d5\u78ba\u7387\u5834\u8a08\u7b97\u306e\u52b9\u7387\u5316\u3068\u6a5f\u68b0\u5b66\u7fd2\u3078\u306e\u9769\u65b0\u7684\u5fdc\u7528","funder_award_id":"16J07267","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6718509927","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CREST","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338075","display_name":"Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00097mb19"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1493526108","https://openalex.org/W1906770428","https://openalex.org/W1920280450","https://openalex.org/W1929981607","https://openalex.org/W1989799721","https://openalex.org/W2037642501","https://openalex.org/W2048695508","https://openalex.org/W2056370875","https://openalex.org/W2114122776","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2129112648","https://openalex.org/W2131686571","https://openalex.org/W2146337213","https://openalex.org/W2149049515","https://openalex.org/W2260756217","https://openalex.org/W2536599074","https://openalex.org/W2550616896","https://openalex.org/W2556068545","https://openalex.org/W2607941059","https://openalex.org/W2613155248","https://openalex.org/W2623431351","https://openalex.org/W2735974062","https://openalex.org/W2738472810","https://openalex.org/W2739757502","https://openalex.org/W2751689814","https://openalex.org/W2754135446","https://openalex.org/W2760509339","https://openalex.org/W2775902494","https://openalex.org/W2797519004","https://openalex.org/W2798105912","https://openalex.org/W2798554470","https://openalex.org/W2962850830","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2963393566","https://openalex.org/W2963452532","https://openalex.org/W2963967766","https://openalex.org/W2964043796","https://openalex.org/W2964046397","https://openalex.org/W2964343197","https://openalex.org/W4298857966","https://openalex.org/W4299802797","https://openalex.org/W6614676750","https://openalex.org/W6637967152","https://openalex.org/W6647787182","https://openalex.org/W6676758108","https://openalex.org/W6679258510","https://openalex.org/W6679339028","https://openalex.org/W6681927006","https://openalex.org/W6697901699","https://openalex.org/W6728784816","https://openalex.org/W6738846887","https://openalex.org/W6744980455","https://openalex.org/W6746808641"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2337415362","https://openalex.org/W4312857205","https://openalex.org/W121273120","https://openalex.org/W2740820121","https://openalex.org/W317572212","https://openalex.org/W2002009170","https://openalex.org/W2034462085","https://openalex.org/W2546871836","https://openalex.org/W2141888456","https://openalex.org/W2136485282"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"tackles":[2],"a":[3],"new":[4],"problem":[5],"setting:":[6],"reinforcement":[7],"learning":[8,77],"with":[9,157],"pixel-wise":[10,117],"rewards":[11],"(pixelRL)":[12],"for":[13,36,49,79],"image":[14,37,51,112,132,135,137],"processing.":[15],"After":[16],"the":[17,20,31,62,65,84,90,94,101,127,148,158],"introduction":[18],"of":[19,33,93,100],"deep":[21,23,34,45,120],"Q-network,":[22],"RL":[24,35,46,121],"has":[25,58,122],"been":[26,124],"achieving":[27],"great":[28],"success.":[29],"However,":[30],"applications":[32],"processing":[38,52,113,133],"are":[39],"still":[40],"limited.":[41],"Therefore,":[42],"we":[43],"extend":[44],"to":[47,110,130],"pixelRL":[48,80],"various":[50],"applications.":[53],"In":[54],"pixelRL,":[55],"each":[56],"pixel":[57,66,96],"an":[59,70,75],"agent,":[60],"and":[61,139],"agent":[63],"changes":[64],"value":[67],"by":[68,86],"taking":[69],"action.":[71],"We":[72],"also":[73,98],"propose":[74],"effective":[76],"method":[78,106,129,150],"that":[81,115,147],"significantly":[82],"improves":[83],"performance":[85],"considering":[87],"not":[88],"only":[89],"future":[91],"states":[92],"own":[95],"but":[97],"those":[99],"neighbor":[102],"pixels.":[103],"The":[104],"proposed":[105,128,149],"can":[107],"be":[108],"applied":[109],"some":[111],"tasks":[114],"require":[116],"manipulations,":[118],"where":[119],"never":[123],"applied.We":[125],"apply":[126],"three":[131],"tasks:":[134],"denoising,":[136],"restoration,":[138],"local":[140],"color":[141],"enhancement.":[142],"Our":[143],"experimental":[144],"results":[145],"demonstrate":[146],"achieves":[151],"comparable":[152],"or":[153],"better":[154],"performance,":[155],"compared":[156],"state-of-the-art":[159],"methods":[160],"based":[161],"on":[162],"supervised":[163],"learning.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
