{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2904927500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33011584","title":"A PSPACE Subclass of Dependency Quantified Boolean Formulas and Its Effective Solving","display_name":"A PSPACE Subclass of Dependency Quantified Boolean Formulas and Its Effective Solving","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2904927500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33011584","mag":"2904927500"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33011584","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33011584","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/3973/3851","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/3973/3851","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002292119","display_name":"Christoph Scholl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0488-7676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Scholl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Albert-Ludwigs-Universit\u00e4t Freiburg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Albert-Ludwigs-Universit\u00e4t Freiburg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078604015","display_name":"Jie-Hong R. Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2279-4732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie-Hong Roland Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taiwan University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047238602","display_name":"Ralf Wimmer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4973-7479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ralf Wimmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Albert-Ludwigs-Universit\u00e4t Freiburg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Albert-Ludwigs-Universit\u00e4t Freiburg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023252329","display_name":"Aile Ge-Ernst","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aile Ge-Ernst","raw_affiliation_strings":["Albert-Ludwigs-Universit\u00e4t Freiburg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Albert-Ludwigs-Universit\u00e4t Freiburg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002292119"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1429,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75450082,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"01","first_page":"1584","last_page":"1591"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9225999712944031,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.6523110270500183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pspace","display_name":"PSPACE","score":0.6466524004936218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polynomial-hierarchy","display_name":"Polynomial hierarchy","score":0.6066607236862183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/true-quantified-boolean-formula","display_name":"True quantified Boolean formula","score":0.577272891998291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-satisfiability-problem","display_name":"Maximum satisfiability problem","score":0.5198507905006409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.4689851403236389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subclass","display_name":"Subclass","score":0.4562240540981293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complexity-class","display_name":"Complexity class","score":0.4547847509384155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.38310563564300537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-complexity","display_name":"Time complexity","score":0.3779531419277191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3327820301055908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boolean-function","display_name":"Boolean function","score":0.17852666974067688}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.6523110270500183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197685441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500716","display_name":"PSPACE","level":3,"score":0.6466524004936218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776013622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2103021","display_name":"Polynomial hierarchy","level":3,"score":0.6066607236862183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200415742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1350285","display_name":"True quantified Boolean formula","level":2,"score":0.577272891998291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111797529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17080584","display_name":"Maximum satisfiability problem","level":3,"score":0.5198507905006409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.4689851403236389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776194381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3965271","display_name":"Subclass","level":3,"score":0.4562240540981293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39637292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908207","display_name":"Complexity class","level":3,"score":0.4547847509384155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.38310563564300537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C311688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393193","display_name":"Time complexity","level":2,"score":0.3779531419277191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3327820301055908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187455244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942353","display_name":"Boolean function","level":2,"score":0.17852666974067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33011584","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33011584","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/3973/3851","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:freidok.uni-freiburg.de:152015","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://freidok.uni-freiburg.de/data/152015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401057","display_name":"FreiDok plus (Universit\u00e4tsbibliothek Freiburg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","host_organization_name":"University of Freiburg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. - 33, 1 (2019) , 1584-1591, ISSN: 2374-3468","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33011584","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33011584","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/3973/3851","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.800000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6052429835","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(DFG)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7160539585","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308269","display_name":"Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung","ror":"https://ror.org/012kf4317"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2904927500.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2904927500.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2728692","https://openalex.org/W99748905","https://openalex.org/W1503377936","https://openalex.org/W1575955626","https://openalex.org/W1583869287","https://openalex.org/W1922664086","https://openalex.org/W1973302434","https://openalex.org/W1973898358","https://openalex.org/W1976876676","https://openalex.org/W1998084650","https://openalex.org/W2065251436","https://openalex.org/W2076933173","https://openalex.org/W2085289300","https://openalex.org/W2089323087","https://openalex.org/W2099101936","https://openalex.org/W2102022086","https://openalex.org/W2121706505","https://openalex.org/W2124690755","https://openalex.org/W2127162145","https://openalex.org/W2133527541","https://openalex.org/W2156640787","https://openalex.org/W2189084874","https://openalex.org/W2217260363","https://openalex.org/W2254118105","https://openalex.org/W2341009476","https://openalex.org/W2404220671","https://openalex.org/W2743440074","https://openalex.org/W2965641371","https://openalex.org/W4206807714","https://openalex.org/W4235795581","https://openalex.org/W4245630182","https://openalex.org/W6604046611","https://openalex.org/W6630097642","https://openalex.org/W6635300605","https://openalex.org/W6640270312","https://openalex.org/W6663811036","https://openalex.org/W6666731809","https://openalex.org/W6674983790","https://openalex.org/W6678009535","https://openalex.org/W6678494764","https://openalex.org/W6678849005","https://openalex.org/W6686254541","https://openalex.org/W6687735955","https://openalex.org/W6691552740","https://openalex.org/W6742691203","https://openalex.org/W6743176863","https://openalex.org/W6941226251"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504200807","https://openalex.org/W278676640","https://openalex.org/W1717627737","https://openalex.org/W4236887310","https://openalex.org/W1520700928","https://openalex.org/W103968499","https://openalex.org/W1559067339","https://openalex.org/W2007014039","https://openalex.org/W1984423678","https://openalex.org/W4298813751"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Dependency":[0],"quantified":[1,11],"Boolean":[2,12],"formulas":[3,13],"(DQBFs)":[4],"are":[5],"a":[6,30,73,79,112,151,165,188,206],"powerful":[7],"formalism,":[8],"which":[9],"subsumes":[10],"(QBFs)":[14],"and":[15,68,88,182],"allows":[16,64],"an":[17,160],"explicit":[18],"specification":[19],"of":[20,22,33,54,60,70,81,114,178,208],"dependencies":[21],"existential":[23,119],"variables":[24,120],"on":[25,78,205],"universal":[26,89,130],"variables.":[27,131],"This":[28],"enables":[29],"succinct":[31],"encoding":[32],"decision":[34],"problems":[35],"in":[36,48,84,95,103,142,153,168],"the":[37,51,129,143,199,211],"NEXPTIME":[38,46],"complexity":[39,63],"class.":[40],"As":[41],"solving":[42,67,177],"general":[43,107,189],"DQBFs":[44],"is":[45,69,102],"complete,":[47],"contrast":[49],"to":[50,86,138,159],"PSPACE":[52],"completeness":[53],"QBF":[55],"solving,":[56],"characterizing":[57],"DQBF":[58,74,136,152,180,192,203,213],"subclasses":[59],"lower":[61],"computational":[62],"their":[65],"effective":[66,176],"practical":[71],"importance.Recently":[72],"proof":[75],"calculus":[76,101],"based":[77],"notion":[80],"fork":[82,149],"extension,":[83,150],"addition":[85],"resolution":[87],"reduction,":[90],"was":[91],"proposed":[92],"by":[93],"Rabe":[94],"2017.":[96],"We":[97,132,171],"show":[98,197],"that":[99,198],"this":[100,135,154,173,179],"fact":[104],"incomplete":[105],"for":[106,111,175,191],"DQBFs,":[108,115],"but":[109],"complete":[110,141],"subclass":[113,137,155,181],"where":[116],"any":[117],"two":[118],"have":[121],"either":[122],"identical":[123],"or":[124],"disjoint":[125],"dependency":[126],"sets":[127],"over":[128],"further":[133],"characterize":[134],"be":[139,157],"\u03a3P3":[140],"polynomial":[144],"time":[145],"hierarchy.":[146],"Essentially":[147],"using":[148],"can":[156],"converted":[158],"equisatisfiable":[161],"3QBF":[162],"with":[163],"only":[164],"linear":[166],"increase":[167],"formula":[169],"size.":[170],"exploit":[172],"conversion":[174],"point":[183],"out":[184],"its":[185],"potential":[186],"as":[187],"strategy":[190],"quantifier":[193],"localization.":[194],"Experimental":[195],"results":[196],"method":[200],"outperforms":[201],"state-of-the-art":[202],"solvers":[204],"number":[207],"benchmarks,":[209],"including":[210],"2018":[212],"evaluation":[214],"benchmarks.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}