{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4225246287","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2021kbp0008","title":"Cataloging Bad Smells in Use Case Descriptions and Automating Their Detection","display_name":"Cataloging Bad Smells in Use Case Descriptions and Automating Their Detection","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4225246287","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2021kbp0008"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1587/transinf.2021kbp0008","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2021kbp0008","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transinf/E105.D/5/E105.D_2021KBP0008/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486202937","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems","issn_l":"0916-8532","issn":["0916-8532","1745-1361"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transinf/E105.D/5/E105.D_2021KBP0008/_pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045737625","display_name":"Yotaro Seki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114531698","display_name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0112mx960","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yotaro SEKI","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Tokyo Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Tokyo Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066400160","display_name":"Shinpei Hayashi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7988-7772"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114531698","display_name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0112mx960","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shinpei HAYASHI","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Tokyo Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Tokyo Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012793369","display_name":"Motoshi SAEKI","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119031078","display_name":"Nanzan University","ror":"https://ror.org/042b6j696","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119031078"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Motoshi SAEKI","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nanzan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nanzan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119031078"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05985573,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"E105.D","issue":"5","first_page":"849","last_page":"863"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-smell","display_name":"Code smell","score":0.8575115203857422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7934259176254272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-and-recall","display_name":"Precision and recall","score":0.5875262022018433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5104876756668091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5006113052368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recall","display_name":"Recall","score":0.4474683105945587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43216729164123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3909812271595001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3481619358062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.19221770763397217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1773126721382141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.12863153219223022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.09337034821510315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.08485680818557739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07755202054977417}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133237599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2295111","display_name":"Code smell","level":5,"score":0.8575115203857422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7934259176254272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81669768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359161","display_name":"Precision and recall","level":2,"score":0.5875262022018433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5104876756668091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5006113052368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.4474683105945587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43216729164123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3909812271595001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3481619358062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.19221770763397217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1773126721382141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.12863153219223022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.09337034821510315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.08485680818557739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07755202054977417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1587/transinf.2021kbp0008","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2021kbp0008","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transinf/E105.D/5/E105.D_2021KBP0008/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486202937","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems","issn_l":"0916-8532","issn":["0916-8532","1745-1361"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1587/transinf.2021kbp0008","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2021kbp0008","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transinf/E105.D/5/E105.D_2021KBP0008/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486202937","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems","issn_l":"0916-8532","issn":["0916-8532","1745-1361"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G196863178","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP18K11238","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4068081917","display_name":"Search-Based and Interactive Environment for Semi-Automated Refactoring","funder_award_id":"18K11238","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8087613678","display_name":"A Study on Clarifying Software Requirements Evolution Mechanisms and Developing Their Application","funder_award_id":"21K11823","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G856921244","display_name":"A Study on Detecting and Improving Bad Smells in Requirements Elicitation","funder_award_id":"18K11237","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4225246287.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4225246287.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506496004","https://openalex.org/W1607839285","https://openalex.org/W1967995358","https://openalex.org/W2014821563","https://openalex.org/W2018400175","https://openalex.org/W2026088791","https://openalex.org/W2052848818","https://openalex.org/W2078346652","https://openalex.org/W2094868791","https://openalex.org/W2108021205","https://openalex.org/W2130809755","https://openalex.org/W2135239686","https://openalex.org/W2145345788","https://openalex.org/W2766619449","https://openalex.org/W2993736204","https://openalex.org/W3104326040","https://openalex.org/W4232719532"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3134933787","https://openalex.org/W2774816643","https://openalex.org/W2358294942","https://openalex.org/W2257953284","https://openalex.org/W4367460280","https://openalex.org/W2135622761","https://openalex.org/W4328049145","https://openalex.org/W4386075808","https://openalex.org/W2343851243","https://openalex.org/W4386198936"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Use":[0,29],"case":[1,23,27,30,76,90,107,113],"modeling":[2],"is":[3],"popular":[4],"to":[5,12,47,60,83,99,109,143],"represent":[6],"the":[7,10,40,73,118,131,140,154,161,191,214,229,234,243],"functionality":[8],"of":[9,18,42,72,88,94,120,126,130,150,157,164,194,201,207,231,236,242],"system":[11],"be":[13,135],"developed,":[14],"and":[15,25,39,63,116,160,181,203,213,223,233],"it":[16],"consists":[17],"two":[19,224],"parts:":[20],"a":[21,81,124,189,198,204],"use":[22,26,75,89,106,112],"diagram":[24],"descriptions.":[28,56,96],"descriptions":[31,49,58,114],"are":[32,153],"structured":[33],"text":[34],"written":[35],"in":[36],"natural":[37,43],"language,":[38],"usage":[41],"language":[44],"can":[45,134],"lead":[46,59],"poor":[48,95,111],"such":[50],"as":[51,67,69],"ambiguous,":[52],"inconsistent,":[53],"and/or":[54],"incomplete":[55],"Poor":[57],"missing":[61],"requirements":[62,66],"eliciting":[64],"incorrect":[65],"well":[68],"less":[70],"comprehensiveness":[71],"produced":[74],"model.":[77],"This":[78],"paper":[79,152],"proposes":[80],"technique":[82],"automate":[84,144],"detecting":[85],"bad":[86,101,121,127,132,158,166,177,221],"smells":[87,133,159,178,222],"descriptions,":[91],"i.e.,":[92,123],"symptoms":[93],"At":[97],"first,":[98],"clarify":[100],"smells,":[102,122],"we":[103,217,227],"analyzed":[104],"existing":[105],"models":[108],"discover":[110],"concretely":[115],"developed":[117,155],"list":[119],"catalog":[125,156,212],"smells.":[128,167],"Some":[129],"refined":[136],"into":[137],"measures":[138],"using":[139],"Goal-Question-Metric":[141],"paradigm":[142],"their":[145],"detection.":[146],"The":[147],"main":[148],"contributions":[149],"this":[151],"automated":[162,172,215,244],"detection":[163],"these":[165],"We":[168],"have":[169],"implemented":[170],"an":[171,186],"smell":[173],"detector":[174],"for":[175],"22":[176],"at":[179],"first":[180,192],"assessed":[182],"its":[183],"usefulness":[184],"by":[185,238],"experiment.":[187],"As":[188],"result,":[190],"version":[193,241],"our":[195,211,239],"tool":[196],"got":[197],"precision":[199,230],"ratio":[200,206],"0.591":[202],"recall":[205,235],"0.981.":[208],"Through":[209],"evaluating":[210],"tool,":[216],"found":[218],"additional":[219],"six":[220],"metrics.":[225],"Then,":[226],"obtained":[228],"0.596":[232],"1.000":[237],"final":[240],"tool.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}