{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210668430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2021bcp0014","title":"Toward Blockchain-Based Spoofing Defense for Controlled Optimization of Phases in Traffic Signal System","display_name":"Toward Blockchain-Based Spoofing Defense for Controlled Optimization of Phases in Traffic Signal System","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210668430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2021bcp0014"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1587/transinf.2021bcp0014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2021bcp0014","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transinf/E105.D/2/E105.D_2021BCP0014/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486202937","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems","issn_l":"0916-8532","issn":["0916-8532","1745-1361"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transinf/E105.D/2/E105.D_2021BCP0014/_pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049446052","display_name":"Yingxiao Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8679-7000"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingxiao XIANG","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Jiaotong University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Jiaotong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100323226","display_name":"Chao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7911-9447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao LI","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Jiaotong University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Jiaotong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100775135","display_name":"Tong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7007-9610"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong CHEN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Jiaotong University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Jiaotong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045240151","display_name":"Yike Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6693-0935"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yike LI","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Jiaotong University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Jiaotong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085778638","display_name":"Endong Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0348-2108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Endong TONG","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Jiaotong University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Jiaotong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047248381","display_name":"Wenjia Niu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4706-4266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjia NIU","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Jiaotong University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Jiaotong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100358440","display_name":"Qiong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5338-0524"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiong LI","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Jiaotong University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Jiaotong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070828650","display_name":"Jiqiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1147-4327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiqiang LIU","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Jiaotong University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Jiaotong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100618818","display_name":"Wei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6628-3408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei WANG","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Jiaotong University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Jiaotong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3113,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57365655,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"E105.D","issue":"2","first_page":"280","last_page":"288"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8157666921615601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.809939980506897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vissim","display_name":"VisSim","score":0.5793378949165344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.47435009479522705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.46916303038597107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.4383775591850281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07670053839683533}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8157666921615601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.809939980506897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775988433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369244","display_name":"VisSim","level":3,"score":0.5793378949165344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.47435009479522705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.46916303038597107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4383775591850281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07670053839683533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1587/transinf.2021bcp0014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2021bcp0014","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transinf/E105.D/2/E105.D_2021BCP0014/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486202937","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems","issn_l":"0916-8532","issn":["0916-8532","1745-1361"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1587/transinf.2021bcp0014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2021bcp0014","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transinf/E105.D/2/E105.D_2021BCP0014/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486202937","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems","issn_l":"0916-8532","issn":["0916-8532","1745-1361"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3756677140","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFB2103802","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4952481377","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61966009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G536329181","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61966009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5441832261","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61802389","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5858129093","display_name":"\u667a\u80fd\u4ea4\u901a\u4fe1\u53f7\u706f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6570\u636e\u6295\u6bd2\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u591a\u4e3b\u4f53\u534f\u540c\u9632\u62a4\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61972025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6759679500","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFB1005604","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6840496190","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1811264","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6927212374","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61802389","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7044014579","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1811264","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7168417614","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61972025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7287944713","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61672092","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G767198619","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFB1005604","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8091656351","display_name":"\u4e91\u5e73\u53f0\u6570\u636e\u9690\u79c1\u4fdd\u62a4\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61672092","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4210668430.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4210668430.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1655377165","https://openalex.org/W1972711079","https://openalex.org/W2087970742","https://openalex.org/W2126087831","https://openalex.org/W2149012699","https://openalex.org/W2574022511","https://openalex.org/W2792291478","https://openalex.org/W2802508687","https://openalex.org/W2805457650","https://openalex.org/W2805923644","https://openalex.org/W2807018862","https://openalex.org/W2909485178","https://openalex.org/W2948776829","https://openalex.org/W3003036212","https://openalex.org/W3101361680","https://openalex.org/W3103000409","https://openalex.org/W3111977207","https://openalex.org/W3134498674","https://openalex.org/W3135455864","https://openalex.org/W3171954485","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4300127641"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2366119790","https://openalex.org/W2154912105","https://openalex.org/W2361596317","https://openalex.org/W2123994914","https://openalex.org/W2061234550","https://openalex.org/W2560287550","https://openalex.org/W2357774911","https://openalex.org/W2168683356","https://openalex.org/W3098878314","https://openalex.org/W2388680075"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Controlled":[0],"optimization":[1],"of":[2,60,84,108,152,202],"phases":[3],"(COP)":[4],"is":[5,103,131,144,180],"a":[6,32,94,162],"core":[7],"implementation":[8],"in":[9,23,56],"the":[10,26,58,61,66,85,112,150,176,185,190,198,203],"future":[11],"intelligent":[12],"traffic":[13,41,71,87,168],"signal":[14,36,163],"system":[15,33,67],"(I-SIG),":[16],"which":[17,125],"has":[18],"been":[19],"deployed":[20],"and":[21,28,68,129,136,146,194,200],"tested":[22],"countries":[24],"including":[25],"U.S.":[27],"China.":[29],"In":[30],"such":[31],"design,":[34],"optimal":[35],"control":[37],"depends":[38],"on":[39,76,189],"dynamic":[40],"situation":[42],"awareness":[43],"via":[44],"connected":[45],"vehicles.":[46],"Unfortunately,":[47],"I-SIG":[48,158],"suffers":[49],"data":[50,177],"spoofing":[51,59,138,153,171,178],"from":[52],"any":[53],"hacked":[54],"vehicle;":[55],"particular,":[57],"last":[62],"vehicle":[63,154],"can":[64,159],"break":[65],"cause":[69],"severe":[70],"congestion.":[72],"Specifically,":[73],"coordinated":[74],"attacks":[75],"multiple":[77,123],"intersections":[78],"may":[79],"even":[80],"bring":[81],"cascading":[82],"failure":[83],"road":[86],"network.":[88],"To":[89],"mitigate":[90],"this":[91,109],"security":[92],"issue,":[93],"blockchain-based":[95,204],"multi-intersection":[96],"joint":[97],"defense":[98,205],"mechanism":[99],"upon":[100],"COP":[101],"planning":[102,164],"designed.":[104],"The":[105],"major":[106],"contributions":[107],"paper":[110],"are":[111,126],"following.":[113],"1)":[114],"A":[115],"blockchain":[116],"network":[117],"constituted":[118],"by":[119],"road-side":[120],"units":[121],"at":[122],"intersections,":[124],"originally":[127],"distributed":[128],"decentralized,":[130],"proposed":[132],"to":[133,148,167,183],"obtain":[134],"accurate":[135],"reliable":[137],"detection.":[139,155],"2)":[140],"COP-oriented":[141],"smart":[142],"contract":[143],"implemented":[145],"utilized":[147],"ensure":[149],"credibility":[151],"Thus,":[156],"an":[157],"automatically":[160],"execute":[161],"scheme":[165],"according":[166],"information":[169],"without":[170],"data.":[172],"Security":[173],"analysis":[174],"for":[175],"attack":[179],"carried":[181],"out":[182],"demonstrate":[184],"security.":[186],"Meanwhile,":[187],"experiments":[188],"simulation":[191],"platform":[192],"VISSIM":[193],"Hyperledger":[195],"Fabric":[196],"show":[197],"efficiency":[199],"practicality":[201],"mechanism.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}