{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3189376442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2020lop0007","title":"PAM-4 Eye-Opening Monitor Technique Using Gaussian Mixture Model for Adaptive Equalization","display_name":"PAM-4 Eye-Opening Monitor Technique Using Gaussian Mixture Model for Adaptive Equalization","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3189376442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2020lop0007","mag":"3189376442"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1587/transinf.2020lop0007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2020lop0007","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transinf/E104.D/8/E104.D_2020LOP0007/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486202937","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems","issn_l":"0916-8532","issn":["0916-8532","1745-1361"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transinf/E104.D/8/E104.D_2020LOP0007/_pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021248939","display_name":"Yosuke Iijima","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132370","display_name":"National Institute of Technology, Kagoshima College","ror":"https://ror.org/02xm6sp43","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120810","https://openalex.org/I4210132370"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137284","display_name":"National Institute of Technology, Oyama College","ror":"https://ror.org/040mta007","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120810","https://openalex.org/I4210137284"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yosuke IIJIMA","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Oyama College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Oyama College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137284","https://openalex.org/I4210132370"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020832963","display_name":"Keigo Taya","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165735259","display_name":"Gunma University","ror":"https://ror.org/046fm7598","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165735259"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keigo TAYA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gunma University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gunma University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165735259"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050845057","display_name":"Yasushi Yuminaka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2054-8041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165735259","display_name":"Gunma University","ror":"https://ror.org/046fm7598","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165735259"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasushi YUMINAKA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gunma University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gunma University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165735259"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5085,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64294683,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"E104.D","issue":"8","first_page":"1138","last_page":"1145"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8559701442718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-equalizer","display_name":"Adaptive equalizer","score":0.5604685544967651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-coding","display_name":"Adaptive coding","score":0.45386600494384766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","score":0.4322253465652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pci-express","display_name":"PCI Express","score":0.41743218898773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-transmission","display_name":"Data transmission","score":0.41441068053245544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3676298260688782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.34804484248161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.31863588094711304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2899022698402405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.2631762623786926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equalization","display_name":"Equalization (audio)","score":0.25777676701545715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16973772644996643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.10532078146934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse","display_name":"Pulse (music)","score":0.08827510476112366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8559701442718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25125847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680741","display_name":"Adaptive equalizer","level":4,"score":0.5604685544967651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57890076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680725","display_name":"Adaptive coding","level":4,"score":0.45386600494384766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20518276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186130","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.4322253465652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64270927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206924","display_name":"PCI Express","level":3,"score":0.41743218898773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.41441068053245544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3676298260688782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.34804484248161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.31863588094711304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2899022698402405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.2631762623786926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75755367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104531076","display_name":"Equalization (audio)","level":3,"score":0.25777676701545715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16973772644996643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.10532078146934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.08827510476112366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81081738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55542","display_name":"Lossless compression","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78548338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493","display_name":"Data compression","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1587/transinf.2020lop0007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2020lop0007","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transinf/E104.D/8/E104.D_2020LOP0007/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486202937","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems","issn_l":"0916-8532","issn":["0916-8532","1745-1361"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1587/transinf.2020lop0007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2020lop0007","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transinf/E104.D/8/E104.D_2020LOP0007/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486202937","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems","issn_l":"0916-8532","issn":["0916-8532","1745-1361"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G298647132","display_name":"Demonstration of wiring-driven integrated circuit system design theory utilizing multi-valued data transmission","funder_award_id":"18H01488","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3017828639","display_name":"Development of a high-speed multivalued data transmission technique based on the processing of digital waveform shaping with circuit parallelization","funder_award_id":"18K11232","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3189376442.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3189376442.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015625576","https://openalex.org/W2070447016","https://openalex.org/W2296094586","https://openalex.org/W2566900843","https://openalex.org/W2594123976","https://openalex.org/W2741589724","https://openalex.org/W2957252121","https://openalex.org/W3120649080","https://openalex.org/W4234019265"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2372537217","https://openalex.org/W4321786629","https://openalex.org/W2361849879","https://openalex.org/W2362842954","https://openalex.org/W2373290997","https://openalex.org/W2105616480","https://openalex.org/W3215556077","https://openalex.org/W2371950215","https://openalex.org/W2151275233","https://openalex.org/W2739914218"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0,58],"meet":[1],"the":[2,60,96,105],"increasing":[3],"demand":[4],"for":[5,32,69,110],"high-speed":[6,15],"communication":[7],"in":[8],"VLSI":[9],"(very":[10],"large-scale":[11],"integration)":[12],"systems,":[13],"next-generation":[14],"data":[16,33,74],"transmission":[17],"standards":[18],"(e.g.,":[19],"IEEE":[20],"802.3bs":[21],"and":[22,101],"PCIe":[23],"6.0)":[24],"will":[25],"adopt":[26],"four-level":[27],"pulse":[28],"amplitude":[29],"modulation":[30],"(PAM-4)":[31],"coding.":[34,57,112],"Although":[35],"PAM-4":[36,71,98,111],"is":[37,50],"spectrally":[38],"efficient":[39],"to":[40,94],"mitigate":[41],"inter-symbol":[42],"interference":[43],"caused":[44],"by":[45],"bandwidth-limited":[46],"wired":[47],"channels,":[48],"it":[49],"more":[51],"sensitive":[52],"than":[53],"conventional":[54],"non-return-to-zero":[55],"line":[56],"evaluate":[59],"received":[61,97],"signal":[62],"quality":[63],"when":[64],"using":[65],"adaptive":[66,108],"coefficient":[67],"settings":[68],"a":[70,90],"equalizer":[72],"during":[73],"transmission,":[75],"we":[76],"propose":[77],"an":[78],"eye-opening":[79],"monitor":[80],"technique":[81,88],"based":[82],"on":[83],"machine":[84],"learning.":[85],"The":[86],"proposed":[87],"uses":[89],"Gaussian":[91],"mixture":[92],"model":[93],"classify":[95],"symbols.":[99],"Simulation":[100],"experimental":[102],"results":[103],"demonstrate":[104],"feasibility":[106],"of":[107],"equalization":[109]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}