{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2964889316","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2019pap0018","title":"A Software-based NVM Emulator Supporting Read/Write Asymmetric Latencies","display_name":"A Software-based NVM Emulator Supporting Read/Write Asymmetric Latencies","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2964889316","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2019pap0018","mag":"2964889316"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1587/transinf.2019pap0018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2019pap0018","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transinf/E102.D/12/E102.D_2019PAP0018/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486202937","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems","issn_l":"0916-8532","issn":["0916-8532","1745-1361"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transinf/E102.D/12/E102.D_2019PAP0018/_pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002541691","display_name":"Atsushi Koshiba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5439-4357"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129730","display_name":"RIKEN Center for Computational Science","ror":"https://ror.org/03r519674","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110652","https://openalex.org/I4210129730"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Atsushi KOSHIBA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Processor Research Team, RIKEN Center for Computational Science","The author is with Tokyo University of Agriculture and Tech-nology, Koganei-shi, 184-8588 Japan","The authors are with National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba-shi, 305-8560 Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Processor Research Team, RIKEN Center for Computational Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129730"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The author is with Tokyo University of Agriculture and Tech-nology, Koganei-shi, 184-8588 Japan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The authors are with National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba-shi, 305-8560 Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076142660","display_name":"Takahiro Hirofuchi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73613424","display_name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01703db54","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takahiro HIROFUCHI","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)","The author is with Tokyo University of Agriculture and Tech-nology, Koganei-shi, 184-8588 Japan","The authors are with National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba-shi, 305-8560 Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The author is with Tokyo University of Agriculture and Tech-nology, Koganei-shi, 184-8588 Japan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The authors are with National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba-shi, 305-8560 Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082259794","display_name":"Ryousei Takano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4341-3505"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73613424","display_name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01703db54","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryousei TAKANO","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)","The author is with Tokyo University of Agriculture and Tech-nology, Koganei-shi, 184-8588 Japan","The authors are with National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba-shi, 305-8560 Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The author is with Tokyo University of Agriculture and Tech-nology, Koganei-shi, 184-8588 Japan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The authors are with National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba-shi, 305-8560 Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113856358","display_name":"Mitaro Namiki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92614990","display_name":"Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qg0kr10","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92614990"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mitaro NAMIKI","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology","The author is with Tokyo University of Agriculture and Tech-nology, Koganei-shi, 184-8588 Japan","The authors are with National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba-shi, 305-8560 Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92614990"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The author is with Tokyo University of Agriculture and Tech-nology, Koganei-shi, 184-8588 Japan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The authors are with National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba-shi, 305-8560 Japan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002541691"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129730"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.738,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68859985,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"E102.D","issue":"12","first_page":"2377","last_page":"2388"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8292970061302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emulation","display_name":"Emulation","score":0.7823761701583862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-volatile-memory","display_name":"Non-volatile memory","score":0.6444989442825317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dram","display_name":"Dram","score":0.6351698637008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5632639527320862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.4922584593296051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-refresh","display_name":"Memory refresh","score":0.44067633152008057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4278647303581238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiconductor-memory","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","score":0.4272613525390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-memory","display_name":"Computer memory","score":0.28921347856521606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8292970061302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149810388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374873","display_name":"Emulation","level":2,"score":0.7823761701583862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177950962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10997658","display_name":"Non-volatile memory","level":2,"score":0.6444989442825317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7366592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1255620","display_name":"Dram","level":2,"score":0.6351698637008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5632639527320862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.4922584593296051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87907426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815755","display_name":"Memory refresh","level":4,"score":0.44067633152008057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4278647303581238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98986596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143031","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","level":2,"score":0.4272613525390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92855701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5830907","display_name":"Computer memory","level":3,"score":0.28921347856521606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1587/transinf.2019pap0018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2019pap0018","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transinf/E102.D/12/E102.D_2019PAP0018/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486202937","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems","issn_l":"0916-8532","issn":["0916-8532","1745-1361"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1908.02135","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1908.02135","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1908.02135","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1587/transinf.2019pap0018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2019pap0018","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transinf/E102.D/12/E102.D_2019PAP0018/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486202937","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems","issn_l":"0916-8532","issn":["0916-8532","1745-1361"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3459562248","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8097216025","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19H01108","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8170529828","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"16K00115","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311508","display_name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01703db54"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2964889316.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2964889316.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1925666826","https://openalex.org/W1992755462","https://openalex.org/W2005203204","https://openalex.org/W2010202670","https://openalex.org/W2041420601","https://openalex.org/W2042506291","https://openalex.org/W2059634925","https://openalex.org/W2078260102","https://openalex.org/W2110860124","https://openalex.org/W2119092821","https://openalex.org/W2138146350","https://openalex.org/W2147657366","https://openalex.org/W2157808045","https://openalex.org/W2162639668","https://openalex.org/W2252166639","https://openalex.org/W2327709439","https://openalex.org/W2515380288","https://openalex.org/W2625835573","https://openalex.org/W2735591512","https://openalex.org/W2763547371","https://openalex.org/W2798794597","https://openalex.org/W3099470245","https://openalex.org/W3140269949","https://openalex.org/W3146736181","https://openalex.org/W4240163901"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4234756210","https://openalex.org/W1977963439","https://openalex.org/W776329307","https://openalex.org/W2505369450","https://openalex.org/W2315140189","https://openalex.org/W2543577874","https://openalex.org/W3134061447","https://openalex.org/W1989028197","https://openalex.org/W2024190459","https://openalex.org/W3101427701"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Non-volatile":[0],"memory":[1,12,32,45],"(NVM)":[2],"is":[3,60,144],"a":[4,114,138,152,209],"promising":[5],"technology":[6],"for":[7,36,168,186,241],"low-energy":[8],"and":[9,58,182],"high-capacity":[10],"main":[11,37,87,158,200,243],"of":[13,17,28,40,44,51,76,82,100,125,151,164,173,198,229,238],"computers.":[14],"The":[15,67,189],"characteristics":[16],"NVM":[18,53,102,129,140,205],"devices,":[19],"however,":[20],"tend":[21],"to":[22,96,112,121,214,222,234],"be":[23],"fundamentally":[24],"different":[25],"from":[26,211,220],"those":[27],"DRAM":[29],"(i.e.,":[30],"the":[31,48,74,97,123,162,165,169,174,204,227],"device":[33,54],"currently":[34],"used":[35],"memory),":[38],"because":[39],"differences":[41],"in":[42,69,156,208],"principles":[43],"cells.":[46],"Typically,":[47],"write":[49,206],"latency":[50,154],"an":[52,246],"such":[55],"as":[56],"PCM":[57],"ReRAM":[59],"much":[61],"higher":[62],"than":[63],"its":[64,180],"read":[65],"latency.":[66],"asymmetry":[68],"read/write":[70,132,153],"latencies":[71,207],"likely":[72],"affects":[73],"performance":[75,237],"applications":[77,83],"significantly.":[78],"For":[79],"analyzing":[80],"behavior":[81,127],"running":[84],"on":[85,128],"NVM-based":[86,157,199,242],"memory,":[88,244],"most":[89],"researchers":[90],"use":[91,228],"software-based":[92],"emulation":[93,107,141,249],"tools":[94,108],"due":[95],"limited":[98],"number":[99],"commercial":[101],"products.":[103],"However,":[104],"these":[105],"existing":[106,247],"are":[109],"too":[110,119],"slow":[111],"emulate":[113],"large-scale,":[115],"realistic":[116],"workload":[117],"or":[118],"simplistic":[120],"investigate":[122],"details":[124],"application":[126],"with":[130,217],"asymmetric":[131],"latencies.":[133],"This":[134],"paper":[135],"therefore":[136],"proposes":[137],"new":[139],"mechanism":[142,167],"that":[143,192,226],"not":[145],"only":[146],"light-weight":[147,248],"but":[148],"also":[149,178],"aware":[150],"gap":[155],"memory.":[159],"We":[160,177,224],"implemented":[161],"prototype":[163,194],"proposed":[166],"Intel":[170],"CPU":[171],"processors":[172],"Haswell":[175],"architecture.":[176],"evaluated":[179],"accuracy":[181],"performed":[183],"case":[184],"studies":[185],"practical":[187,239],"benchmarks.":[188],"results":[190],"showed":[191],"our":[193,230],"accurately":[195],"emulated":[196,203],"write-latencies":[197],"memory:":[201],"it":[202],"range":[210],"200":[212],"ns":[213,216],"1000":[215],"negligible":[218],"errors":[219],"0.2%":[221],"1.1%.":[223],"confirmed":[225],"emulator":[231],"enabled":[232],"us":[233],"successfully":[235],"estimate":[236],"workloads":[240],"while":[245],"model":[250],"misestimated.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}