{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3040363299","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2019icl0003","title":"Trojan-Net Classification for Gate-Level Hardware Design Utilizing Boundary Net Structures","display_name":"Trojan-Net Classification for Gate-Level Hardware Design Utilizing Boundary Net Structures","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3040363299","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2019icl0003","mag":"3040363299"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1587/transinf.2019icl0003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2019icl0003","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transinf/E103.D/7/E103.D_2019ICL0003/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486202937","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems","issn_l":"0916-8532","issn":["0916-8532","1745-1361"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transinf/E103.D/7/E103.D_2019ICL0003/_pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066000044","display_name":"Kento Hasegawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6517-1703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kento HASEGAWA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science and Communications Engineering, Waseda University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science and Communications Engineering, Waseda University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061982025","display_name":"Masao Yanagisawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5168-3214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masao YANAGISAWA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science and Communications Engineering, Waseda University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science and Communications Engineering, Waseda University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087516286","display_name":"Nozomu Togawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3400-3587"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nozomu TOGAWA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science and Communications Engineering, Waseda University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science and Communications Engineering, Waseda University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066000044"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3862,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80095819,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"E103.D","issue":"7","first_page":"1618","last_page":"1622"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/netlist","display_name":"Netlist","score":0.9929451942443848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trojan","display_name":"Trojan","score":0.946508526802063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-trojan","display_name":"Hardware Trojan","score":0.8339336514472961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7877287864685059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","score":0.5753193497657776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5683351159095764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/net","display_name":"Net (polyhedron)","score":0.5620793104171753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.39961257576942444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.39405885338783264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3675544857978821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32553207874298096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.22996491193771362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.13971585035324097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1150934100151062}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177650935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1760303","display_name":"Netlist","level":2,"score":0.9929451942443848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174333608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19635","display_name":"Trojan","level":2,"score":0.946508526802063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780873074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5656397","display_name":"Hardware Trojan","level":3,"score":0.8339336514472961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7877287864685059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.5753193497657776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5683351159095764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14166107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q253829","display_name":"Net (polyhedron)","level":2,"score":0.5620793104171753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.39961257576942444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.39405885338783264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3675544857978821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32553207874298096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.22996491193771362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.13971585035324097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1150934100151062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1587/transinf.2019icl0003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2019icl0003","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transinf/E103.D/7/E103.D_2019ICL0003/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486202937","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems","issn_l":"0916-8532","issn":["0916-8532","1745-1361"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1587/transinf.2019icl0003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2019icl0003","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transinf/E103.D/7/E103.D_2019ICL0003/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486202937","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems","issn_l":"0916-8532","issn":["0916-8532","1745-1361"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3040363299.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3040363299.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W347636100","https://openalex.org/W1976955200","https://openalex.org/W2095410905","https://openalex.org/W2464661970","https://openalex.org/W2724859555","https://openalex.org/W2756703387","https://openalex.org/W2795151239","https://openalex.org/W2798435099","https://openalex.org/W3008031426","https://openalex.org/W4252148401"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2795151239","https://openalex.org/W2724859555","https://openalex.org/W3160241274","https://openalex.org/W2800991926","https://openalex.org/W2536483783","https://openalex.org/W2379628424","https://openalex.org/W2904709263","https://openalex.org/W2073667817","https://openalex.org/W2934395490","https://openalex.org/W4377969813"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cybersecurity":[0],"has":[1],"become":[2],"a":[3,29,43,53,57,63,119,123,129],"serious":[4],"concern":[5],"in":[6,52,118,149],"our":[7,139],"daily":[8],"lives.":[9],"The":[10,134],"malicious":[11],"functions":[12],"inserted":[13],"into":[14,56,122],"hardware":[15,22],"devices":[16],"have":[17],"been":[18],"well":[19],"known":[20],"as":[21],"Trojans.":[23],"In":[24],"this":[25],"letter,":[26],"we":[27,73,113],"propose":[28],"hardware-Trojan":[30,45,146],"classification":[31,71],"method":[32,47,141,148],"at":[33],"gate-level":[34],"netlists":[35],"utilizing":[36],"boundary":[37,80,111],"net":[38,76],"structures.":[39],"We":[40],"first":[41],"use":[42],"machine-learning-based":[44,145],"detection":[46,147],"and":[48,62,84,87,128],"classify":[49,115],"the":[50,70,75,79,89,92,106,110,116],"nets":[51,61,83,93,99,117,127],"given":[54,120],"netlist":[55,121],"set":[58,64,124,130],"of":[59,65,91,109,125,131,151],"normal":[60,82,98,126],"Trojan":[66,85,101,132],"nets.":[67,102,133],"Based":[68],"on":[69,105],"results,":[72],"investigate":[74],"structures":[77],"around":[78],"between":[81],"nets,":[86,112],"extract":[88],"features":[90,108],"mistakenly":[94],"identified":[95],"to":[96],"be":[97],"or":[100],"Finally,":[103],"based":[104],"extracted":[107],"again":[114],"experimental":[135],"results":[136],"demonstrate":[137],"that":[138],"proposed":[140],"outperforms":[142],"an":[143],"existing":[144],"terms":[150],"its":[152],"true":[153],"positive":[154],"rate.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}