{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2893838482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2018edp7073","title":"Advanced Ensemble Adversarial Example on Unknown Deep Neural Network Classifiers","display_name":"Advanced Ensemble Adversarial Example on Unknown Deep Neural Network Classifiers","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2893838482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2018edp7073","mag":"2893838482"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1587/transinf.2018edp7073","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2018edp7073","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transinf/E101.D/10/E101.D_2018EDP7073/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486202937","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems","issn_l":"0916-8532","issn":["0916-8532","1745-1361"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transinf/E101.D/10/E101.D_2018EDP7073/_pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040423887","display_name":"Hyun Kwon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1169-9892"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hyun KWON","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102001083","display_name":"Yongchul Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1393-8711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184908088","display_name":"Korea Military Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/024ctqw02","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184908088"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongchul KIM","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Military Academy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Military Academy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184908088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037312953","display_name":"Ki-Woong Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3377-223X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28777354","display_name":"Sejong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00aft1q37","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ki-Woong PARK","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Security, Sejong University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Security, Sejong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101921593","display_name":"Hyunsoo Yoon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2671-6491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyunsoo YOON","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053797473","display_name":"Daeseon Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1438-0265"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206597221","display_name":"Kongju National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0373nm262","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206597221"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daeseon CHOI","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Information, Kongju National University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Information, Kongju National University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206597221"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040423887"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6923,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88325566,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"E101.D","issue":"10","first_page":"2485","last_page":"2500"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9746999740600586,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9422000050544739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mnist-database","display_name":"MNIST database","score":0.8794900178909302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8174614906311035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.7684513330459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.7071053385734558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6755505800247192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.6488136649131775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.591895580291748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5292462706565857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5193756222724915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.49856114387512207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.42723220586776733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.41961613297462463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.33198463916778564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09460046887397766}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190502265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069496","display_name":"MNIST database","level":3,"score":0.8794900178909302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8174614906311035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.7684513330459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.7071053385734558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6755505800247192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.6488136649131775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.591895580291748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5292462706565857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5193756222724915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.49856114387512207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.42723220586776733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.41961613297462463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.33198463916778564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09460046887397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1587/transinf.2018edp7073","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2018edp7073","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transinf/E101.D/10/E101.D_2018EDP7073/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486202937","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems","issn_l":"0916-8532","issn":["0916-8532","1745-1361"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1587/transinf.2018edp7073","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2018edp7073","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transinf/E101.D/10/E101.D_2018EDP7073/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486202937","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems","issn_l":"0916-8532","issn":["0916-8532","1745-1361"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2168570031","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016R1A4A1011761","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3034753964","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G342704958","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"funded","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3942910960","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(NRF) grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4771439113","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017R1A","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6072120315","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"funded","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G626505518","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7232373703","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017R1A2B","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7477889765","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016-0-00173","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7595706181","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017R1A2B4006026","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2893838482.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2893838482.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1673923490","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1945616565","https://openalex.org/W2076063813","https://openalex.org/W2095195675","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2117130368","https://openalex.org/W2160815625","https://openalex.org/W2243397390","https://openalex.org/W2398640840","https://openalex.org/W2402144811","https://openalex.org/W2406777949","https://openalex.org/W2543927648","https://openalex.org/W2570685808","https://openalex.org/W2603766943","https://openalex.org/W2604147826","https://openalex.org/W2618043096","https://openalex.org/W2693668331","https://openalex.org/W2766188896","https://openalex.org/W2786198305","https://openalex.org/W2962904371","https://openalex.org/W2963542245","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W2964082701","https://openalex.org/W4239072543","https://openalex.org/W4300824008"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2950183588","https://openalex.org/W3080754722","https://openalex.org/W4383221314","https://openalex.org/W2618574054","https://openalex.org/W3093978547","https://openalex.org/W2953536436","https://openalex.org/W3203790781","https://openalex.org/W2997056298","https://openalex.org/W4313346231","https://openalex.org/W2738001131"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"neural":[1],"networks":[2],"(DNNs)":[3],"are":[4],"widely":[5],"used":[6],"in":[7,33],"many":[8],"applications":[9],"such":[10],"as":[11,45],"image,":[12],"voice,":[13],"and":[14,49,131,137,139,151],"pattern":[15],"recognition.":[16],"However,":[17],"it":[18],"has":[19],"recently":[20],"been":[21],"shown":[22],"that":[23,35,63,81,114],"a":[24,30,51,75,89],"DNN":[25,67],"can":[26,64,82,118],"be":[27],"vulnerable":[28],"to":[29,54,101,129],"small":[31],"distortion":[32],"images":[34],"humans":[36],"cannot":[37],"distinguish.":[38],"This":[39],"type":[40],"of":[41,127],"attack":[42,79,84,104,120],"is":[43,50,69],"known":[44],"an":[46,124],"adversarial":[47,61,77,99],"example":[48,62,78],"significant":[52],"threat":[53],"deep":[55],"learning":[56],"systems.":[57],"The":[58],"unknown-target-oriented":[59],"generalized":[60,76],"deceive":[65],"most":[66],"classifiers":[68,86],"even":[70],"more":[71],"threatening.":[72],"We":[73],"propose":[74],"method":[80,117,150],"effectively":[83],"unknown":[85,108,125],"by":[87],"using":[88],"hierarchical":[90],"ensemble":[91,98,149],"method.":[92],"Our":[93,110],"proposed":[94,116],"scheme":[95],"creates":[96],"advanced":[97],"examples":[100],"achieve":[102,119],"reasonable":[103],"success":[105,121],"rates":[106,122],"for":[107,123],"classifiers.":[109],"experiment":[111],"results":[112],"show":[113],"the":[115,147,152],"classifier":[126],"up":[128],"9.25%":[130],"18.94%":[132],"higher":[133,141],"on":[134,142],"MNIST":[135],"data":[136,144],"4.1%":[138],"13%":[140],"CIFAR10":[143],"compared":[145],"with":[146],"previous":[148],"conventional":[153],"baseline":[154],"method,":[155],"respectively.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}