{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2795025935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2017edp7285","title":"ECG-Based Heartbeat Classification Using Two-Level Convolutional Neural Network and RR Interval Difference","display_name":"ECG-Based Heartbeat Classification Using Two-Level Convolutional Neural Network and RR Interval Difference","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2795025935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2017edp7285","mag":"2795025935"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1587/transinf.2017edp7285","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2017edp7285","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transinf/E101.D/4/E101.D_2017EDP7285/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486202937","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems","issn_l":"0916-8532","issn":["0916-8532","1745-1361"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transinf/E101.D/4/E101.D_2017EDP7285/_pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085274112","display_name":"Yande Xiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yande XIANG","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University","State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, 201203 China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, 201203 China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101731045","display_name":"Jiahui Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1531-0824"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092088","display_name":"Zhejiang Province Institute of Architectural Design and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00f89ms08","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092088"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiahui LUO","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of VLSI Design, Zhejiang University","Institute of VLSI Design, Zhejiang University, 310027 China","State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, 201203 China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of VLSI Design, Zhejiang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092088","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of VLSI Design, Zhejiang University, 310027 China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, 201203 China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100717935","display_name":"\u03a4ao Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0228-3916"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092088","display_name":"Zhejiang Province Institute of Architectural Design and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00f89ms08","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092088"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taotao ZHU","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of VLSI Design, Zhejiang University","State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, 201203 China","Institute of VLSI Design, Zhejiang University, 310027 China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of VLSI Design, Zhejiang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092088","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, 201203 China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of VLSI Design, Zhejiang University, 310027 China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101765422","display_name":"Sheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6458-803X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092088","display_name":"Zhejiang Province Institute of Architectural Design and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00f89ms08","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092088"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng WANG","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of VLSI Design, Zhejiang University","State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, 201203 China","Institute of VLSI Design, Zhejiang University, 310027 China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of VLSI Design, Zhejiang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092088","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, 201203 China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of VLSI Design, Zhejiang University, 310027 China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046536624","display_name":"Xiaoyan Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5602-2749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyan XIANG","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University","State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, 201203 China","Institute of VLSI Design, Zhejiang University, 310027 China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, 201203 China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of VLSI Design, Zhejiang University, 310027 China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022767878","display_name":"Jianyi Meng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianyi MENG","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University","State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, 201203 China","Institute of VLSI Design, Zhejiang University, 310027 China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, 201203 China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of VLSI Design, Zhejiang University, 310027 China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085274112"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2182,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88831161,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"E101.D","issue":"4","first_page":"1189","last_page":"1198"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9743000268936157,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heartbeat","display_name":"Heartbeat","score":0.8561339974403381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7507378458976746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7043913006782532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6522548198699951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beat","display_name":"Beat (acoustics)","score":0.505495548248291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.4947201907634735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.48593011498451233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.45957422256469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceptron","display_name":"Perceptron","score":0.42569172382354736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4043896198272705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.33691903948783875}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13852961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17021880","display_name":"Heartbeat","level":2,"score":0.8561339974403381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7507378458976746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7043913006782532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6522548198699951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189809214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q829522","display_name":"Beat (acoustics)","level":2,"score":0.505495548248291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.4947201907634735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.48593011498451233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.45957422256469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60908668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690207","display_name":"Perceptron","level":3,"score":0.42569172382354736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4043896198272705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.33691903948783875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1587/transinf.2017edp7285","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2017edp7285","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transinf/E101.D/4/E101.D_2017EDP7285/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486202937","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems","issn_l":"0916-8532","issn":["0916-8532","1745-1361"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1587/transinf.2017edp7285","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2017edp7285","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transinf/E101.D/4/E101.D_2017EDP7285/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486202937","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems","issn_l":"0916-8532","issn":["0916-8532","1745-1361"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2795025935.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2795025935.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W56385144","https://openalex.org/W1928906481","https://openalex.org/W1930392762","https://openalex.org/W1981827879","https://openalex.org/W1986295895","https://openalex.org/W2030042438","https://openalex.org/W2056523469","https://openalex.org/W2101166342","https://openalex.org/W2108396267","https://openalex.org/W2114842946","https://openalex.org/W2117624000","https://openalex.org/W2124785086","https://openalex.org/W2152606053","https://openalex.org/W2162693370","https://openalex.org/W2162800060","https://openalex.org/W2211945929","https://openalex.org/W2289846183","https://openalex.org/W2291961022","https://openalex.org/W2343482910","https://openalex.org/W2507148354","https://openalex.org/W2511679710","https://openalex.org/W2515241735","https://openalex.org/W2517389691","https://openalex.org/W2551949036","https://openalex.org/W2613361262"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385543909","https://openalex.org/W3039320222","https://openalex.org/W3199640442","https://openalex.org/W1898280036","https://openalex.org/W2315807364","https://openalex.org/W2382278803","https://openalex.org/W2376695684","https://openalex.org/W2803040299","https://openalex.org/W2036775971","https://openalex.org/W4395470774"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Arrhythmia":[0],"classification":[1,14,52,170,222,236],"based":[2],"on":[3,23,88,163],"electrocardiogram":[4],"(ECG)":[5],"is":[6,53,74,107,151],"crucial":[7],"in":[8,17,38,76,183,199],"automatic":[9,220],"cardiovascular":[10],"disease":[11],"diagnosis.":[12],"The":[13],"methods":[15],"used":[16,123],"the":[18,39,64,77,96,99,114,119,164,168,218,228],"current":[19],"practice":[20],"largely":[21],"depend":[22],"hand-crafted":[24,29],"manual":[25,30],"features.":[26],"However,":[27],"extracting":[28],"features":[31,58,66,84,117],"may":[32],"introduce":[33],"significant":[34],"computational":[35],"complexity,":[36],"especially":[37],"transform":[40],"domains.":[41],"In":[42,132],"this":[43],"study,":[44],"an":[45,69,146],"accurate":[46],"method":[47,79,171,230],"for":[48,128],"patient-specific":[49],"ECG":[50,130,139,213,221,238],"beat":[51,186,202],"proposed,":[54],"which":[55,153],"adopts":[56],"morphological":[57,65,116],"and":[59,103,118,141,159,177,193,205],"timing":[60,97],"information.":[61],"As":[62,94],"to":[63,80,95,134,143],"of":[67,91,138,234],"heartbeat,":[68],"attentionbased":[70],"two-level":[71],"1-D":[72],"CNN":[73],"incorporated":[75],"proposed":[78,169,229],"extract":[81],"different":[82],"grained":[83],"automatically":[85],"by":[86,124,242],"focusing":[87],"various":[89],"parts":[90],"a":[92,110],"heartbeat.":[93],"information,":[98],"difference":[100,121],"between":[101],"previous":[102],"post":[104],"RR":[105],"intervels":[106],"computed":[108],"as":[109],"dynamic":[111],"feature.":[112],"Both":[113],"extracted":[115],"interval":[120],"are":[122,240],"multi-layer":[125],"perceptron":[126],"(MLP)":[127],"classifing":[129],"signals.":[131],"addition,":[133],"reduce":[135],"memory":[136],"storage":[137],"data":[140],"denoise":[142],"some":[144],"extent,":[145],"adaptive":[147],"heartbeat":[148,235],"normalization":[149],"technique":[150],"adopted":[152],"includes":[154],"amplitude":[155],"unification,":[156],"resolution":[157],"modification,":[158],"signal":[160,214],"difference.":[161],"Based":[162],"MIT-BIH":[165],"arrhythmia":[166],"database,":[167],"achieved":[172],"sensitivity":[173,189],"Sen":[174,190],"=":[175,181,191,197,209],"93.4%":[176],"positive":[178,194],"predictivity":[179,195],"Ppr":[180,196],"94.9%":[182],"ventricular":[184],"ectopic":[185,201],"(VEB)":[187],"detection,":[188,204],"86.3%":[192],"80.0%":[198],"supraventricular":[200],"(SVEB)":[203],"overall":[206],"accuracy":[207,233],"OA":[208],"97.8%":[210],"under":[211],"6-bit":[212],"resolution.":[215,244],"Compared":[216],"with":[217],"state-of-the-art":[219],"methods,":[223],"these":[224],"results":[225],"show":[226],"that":[227],"acquires":[231],"comparable":[232],"though":[237],"signals":[239],"represented":[241],"lower":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
