{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386281458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transfun.2023vlp0008","title":"Identification of Redundant Flip-Flops Using Fault Injection for Low-Power Approximate Computing Circuits","display_name":"Identification of Redundant Flip-Flops Using Fault Injection for Low-Power Approximate Computing Circuits","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386281458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transfun.2023vlp0008"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1587/transfun.2023vlp0008","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transfun.2023vlp0008","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transfun/E107.A/3/E107.A_2023VLP0008/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166990724","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics Communications and Computer Sciences","issn_l":"0916-8508","issn":["0916-8508","1745-1337"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transfun/E107.A/3/E107.A_2023VLP0008/_pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101239077","display_name":"Jiaxuan LU","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60134161","display_name":"Nagoya University","ror":"https://ror.org/04chrp450","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaxuan LU","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062214303","display_name":"Yutaka Masuda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5177-5322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60134161","display_name":"Nagoya University","ror":"https://ror.org/04chrp450","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yutaka MASUDA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022726556","display_name":"Tohru Ishihara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1650-9958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60134161","display_name":"Nagoya University","ror":"https://ror.org/04chrp450","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tohru ISHIHARA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08912408,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"E107.A","issue":"3","first_page":"540","last_page":"548"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7400745749473572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.6058837175369263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-specific-integrated-circuit","display_name":"Application-specific integrated circuit","score":0.49892759323120117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.4781530797481537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flops","display_name":"FLOPS","score":0.477615088224411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.4702554941177368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.46789801120758057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.4454774856567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-injection","display_name":"Fault injection","score":0.43048542737960815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adder","display_name":"Adder","score":0.42873576283454895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.41262584924697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.4113958179950714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3726298213005066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.20601826906204224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.11661288142204285}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7400745749473572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.6058837175369263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77390884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217302","display_name":"Application-specific integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.49892759323120117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.4781530797481537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3826847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188768","display_name":"FLOPS","level":2,"score":0.477615088224411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4702554941177368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.46789801120758057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.4454774856567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775928411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2041312","display_name":"Fault injection","level":3,"score":0.43048542737960815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164620267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376953","display_name":"Adder","level":3,"score":0.42873576283454895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.41262584924697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4113958179950714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3726298213005066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.20601826906204224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.11661288142204285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1587/transfun.2023vlp0008","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transfun.2023vlp0008","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transfun/E107.A/3/E107.A_2023VLP0008/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166990724","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics Communications and Computer Sciences","issn_l":"0916-8508","issn":["0916-8508","1745-1337"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:irdb.nii.ac.jp:01152:0006040964","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/2009458","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407056385","display_name":"Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","host_organization_name":"National Institute of Informatics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1587/transfun.2023vlp0008","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transfun.2023vlp0008","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transfun/E107.A/3/E107.A_2023VLP0008/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166990724","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics Communications and Computer Sciences","issn_l":"0916-8508","issn":["0916-8508","1745-1337"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338111","display_name":"Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386281458.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976431848","https://openalex.org/W2020217519","https://openalex.org/W2034270503","https://openalex.org/W2115081151","https://openalex.org/W2128065014","https://openalex.org/W2159211021","https://openalex.org/W2244005500","https://openalex.org/W2286003412","https://openalex.org/W2297417762","https://openalex.org/W2590016403","https://openalex.org/W2945623217","https://openalex.org/W3003708730","https://openalex.org/W3039722244","https://openalex.org/W3146960355","https://openalex.org/W3188924112","https://openalex.org/W4245013765","https://openalex.org/W4250541405","https://openalex.org/W4280598352","https://openalex.org/W4379115940"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390550886","https://openalex.org/W3217463396","https://openalex.org/W2790557758","https://openalex.org/W2516396101","https://openalex.org/W4315697128","https://openalex.org/W3204929712","https://openalex.org/W4295102875","https://openalex.org/W2300671402","https://openalex.org/W4292794827","https://openalex.org/W4224939635"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Approximate":[0],"computing":[1],"(AC)":[2],"saves":[3,222],"energy":[4],"and":[5,28,48,78,123,175,221],"improves":[6],"performance":[7],"by":[8,219,225,243],"introducing":[9],"approximation":[10],"into":[11],"computation":[12,43,56],"in":[13,106,131,144],"error-torrent":[14],"applications.":[15],"This":[16],"work":[17],"focuses":[18],"on":[19,68,196],"an":[20,164,205],"AC":[21,35],"strategy":[22],"that":[23,185],"accurately":[24],"performs":[25,116],"important":[26,46],"computations":[27,72],"approximates":[29],"others.":[30],"In":[31,63,109,200],"order":[32,166,170],"to":[33,40,51,98,150,167],"make":[34],"circuits":[36],"practical,":[37],"we":[38,66],"need":[39,50],"determine":[41],"which":[42],"is":[44,92,241],"how":[45],"carefully,":[47],"thus":[49],"appropriately":[52],"approximate":[53],"the":[54,59,69,74,89,100,107,110,113,117,125,132,135,139,151,154,158,173,178,186,190,197,209,216,228,233,237,246],"redundant":[55,104,128,142,193,213],"for":[57,120,211],"maintaining":[58],"required":[60],"computational":[61],"quality.":[62],"this":[64],"paper,":[65],"focus":[67],"importance":[70,82],"of":[71,88,103,127,141,160,177,192,204],"at":[73],"flip-flop":[75],"(FF)":[76],"level":[77],"propose":[79],"a":[80,93,145,168,201],"novel":[81],"evaluation":[83],"methodology.":[84],"The":[85],"key":[86],"idea":[87],"proposed":[90,114,136,155,187],"methodology":[91,115,137,188],"two-step":[94,152],"fault":[95],"injection":[96],"algorithm":[97,156],"extract":[99],"near-optimal":[101],"set":[102,140],"FFs":[105,143,194,214],"circuit.":[108],"first":[111],"step,":[112,134],"FI":[118],"simulation":[119],"each":[121],"FF":[122],"extracts":[124,138],"candidates":[126,191],"FFs.":[129],"Then,":[130],"second":[133],"binary":[146],"search":[147],"manner.":[148],"Thanks":[149],"strategy,":[153],"reduces":[157,215],"complexity":[159],"architecture":[161],"exploration":[162],"from":[163],"exponential":[165],"linear":[169],"without":[171],"understanding":[172],"functionality":[174],"behavior":[176],"target":[179],"application":[180],"program.":[181],"Experimental":[182],"results":[183],"show":[184],"identifies":[189],"depending":[195],"given":[198],"constraints.":[199],"case":[202],"study":[203],"image":[206],"processing":[207],"accelerator,":[208],"truncation":[210],"identified":[212],"circuit":[217],"area":[218],"29.6%":[220],"power":[223,239],"dissipation":[224,240],"44.8%":[226],"under":[227,245],"ASIC":[229],"implementation":[230],"while":[231],"satisfying":[232],"PSNR":[234],"constraint.":[235],"Similarly,":[236],"dynamic":[238],"saved":[242],"47.2%":[244],"FPGA":[247],"implementation.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-23T23:11:35.936235","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}