{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386596030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transfun.2023kep0003","title":"Ising-Machine-Based Solver for Constrained Graph Coloring Problems","display_name":"Ising-Machine-Based Solver for Constrained Graph Coloring Problems","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386596030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transfun.2023kep0003"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1587/transfun.2023kep0003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transfun.2023kep0003","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transfun/E107.A/1/E107.A_2023KEP0003/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166990724","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics Communications and Computer Sciences","issn_l":"0916-8508","issn":["0916-8508","1745-1337"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transfun/E107.A/1/E107.A_2023KEP0003/_pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013934121","display_name":"Soma Kawakami","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soma KAWAKAMI","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Communications Engineering, Waseda University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Communications Engineering, Waseda University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075497157","display_name":"Yosuke Mukasa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yosuke MUKASA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Communications Engineering, Waseda University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Communications Engineering, Waseda University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024634541","display_name":"Siya Bao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1993-9133"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siya BAO","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Communications Engineering, Waseda University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Communications Engineering, Waseda University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063895130","display_name":"Dema Ba","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2251713219","display_name":"NTT (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00berct97","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dema BA","raw_affiliation_strings":["NTT Computer and Data Science Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTT Computer and Data Science Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101609545","display_name":"Junya Arai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5681-5941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2251713219","display_name":"NTT (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00berct97","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junya ARAI","raw_affiliation_strings":["NTT Computer and Data Science Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTT Computer and Data Science Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036403126","display_name":"Satoshi Yagi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2251713219","display_name":"NTT (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00berct97","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Satoshi YAGI","raw_affiliation_strings":["NTT Computer and Data Science Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTT Computer and Data Science Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027440605","display_name":"Junji Teramoto","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2251713219","display_name":"NTT (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00berct97","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junji TERAMOTO","raw_affiliation_strings":["NTT Computer and Data Science Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTT Computer and Data Science Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087516286","display_name":"Nozomu Togawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3400-3587"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nozomu TOGAWA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Communications Engineering, Waseda University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Communications Engineering, Waseda University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7081,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74127866,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"E107.A","issue":"1","first_page":"38","last_page":"51"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12401","display_name":"Scheduling and Timetabling Solutions","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12401","display_name":"Scheduling and Timetabling Solutions","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10374","display_name":"Advanced Graph Theory Research","score":0.9577999711036682,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph-coloring","display_name":"Graph coloring","score":0.6483080387115479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ising-model","display_name":"Ising model","score":0.6129395365715027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint-satisfaction-problem","display_name":"Constraint satisfaction problem","score":0.5680615901947021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-unconstrained-binary-optimization","display_name":"Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization","score":0.5131412148475647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-cut","display_name":"Maximum cut","score":0.4846068322658539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.44341331720352173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorial-optimization","display_name":"Combinatorial optimization","score":0.4396921396255493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.4355570673942566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42701074481010437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.419822633266449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.32314521074295044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.268024206161499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12852010130882263}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76946457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504843","display_name":"Graph coloring","level":3,"score":0.6483080387115479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51329190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076349","display_name":"Ising model","level":2,"score":0.6129395365715027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199622910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128326","display_name":"Constraint satisfaction problem","level":3,"score":0.5680615901947021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177179195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268372","display_name":"Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization","level":4,"score":0.5131412148475647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165526019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942557","display_name":"Maximum cut","level":3,"score":0.4846068322658539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.44341331720352173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52692508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333872","display_name":"Combinatorial optimization","level":2,"score":0.4396921396255493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.4355570673942566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42701074481010437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.419822633266449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32314521074295044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.268024206161499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12852010130882263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1587/transfun.2023kep0003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transfun.2023kep0003","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transfun/E107.A/1/E107.A_2023KEP0003/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166990724","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics Communications and Computer Sciences","issn_l":"0916-8508","issn":["0916-8508","1745-1337"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1587/transfun.2023kep0003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transfun.2023kep0003","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transfun/E107.A/1/E107.A_2023KEP0003/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166990724","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics Communications and Computer Sciences","issn_l":"0916-8508","issn":["0916-8508","1745-1337"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386596030.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492640216","https://openalex.org/W1514875444","https://openalex.org/W1596059437","https://openalex.org/W1659842140","https://openalex.org/W1965121855","https://openalex.org/W2024060531","https://openalex.org/W2024143101","https://openalex.org/W2024860775","https://openalex.org/W2033466009","https://openalex.org/W2039122980","https://openalex.org/W2067002250","https://openalex.org/W2068674173","https://openalex.org/W2069200088","https://openalex.org/W2072803231","https://openalex.org/W2085716675","https://openalex.org/W2101309634","https://openalex.org/W2104670598","https://openalex.org/W2108301529","https://openalex.org/W2123276993","https://openalex.org/W2135165032","https://openalex.org/W2153638045","https://openalex.org/W2156300919","https://openalex.org/W2167036627","https://openalex.org/W2168000780","https://openalex.org/W2197817604","https://openalex.org/W2324827308","https://openalex.org/W2402717208","https://openalex.org/W2533968486","https://openalex.org/W2938847643","https://openalex.org/W2963288033","https://openalex.org/W3013341397","https://openalex.org/W3128253723","https://openalex.org/W3170559550","https://openalex.org/W3204628099","https://openalex.org/W4246598646","https://openalex.org/W4386596030"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4365815307","https://openalex.org/W4221148783","https://openalex.org/W4320170173","https://openalex.org/W3111349382","https://openalex.org/W4387725405","https://openalex.org/W2962740289","https://openalex.org/W1988096746","https://openalex.org/W2902898487","https://openalex.org/W4289827964","https://openalex.org/W1502497305"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ising":[0,62,229],"machines":[1],"can":[2,144,267],"find":[3,269],"optimum":[4],"or":[5,64],"quasi-optimum":[6],"solutions":[7,271],"of":[8,22,36,74,80,107,116,148,154,192,204,224,239],"combinatorial":[9,25],"optimization":[10,26,68],"problems":[11],"efficiently":[12],"and":[13,118,216],"effectively.":[14],"The":[15,179,222],"graph":[16,38,57,109,133],"coloring":[17,58,110,134],"problem,":[18,135],"which":[19],"is":[20,28,85,168,181,209,220],"one":[21],"the":[23,49,56,61,78,108,114,122,128,132,146,152,190,202,205,212,217,225,233,237,250,261,264,274],"difficult":[24],"problems,":[27],"to":[29,33,54,94,96,121,173,244,249],"assign":[30],"a":[31,37,104],"color":[32],"each":[34],"vertex":[35],"such":[39],"that":[40,143,151,169,182,232],"no":[41,86],"two":[42,163],"vertices":[43,171],"connected":[44],"by":[45,242],"an":[46,139,228],"edge":[47],"have":[48,172],"same":[50],"color.":[51],"Although":[52],"methods":[53],"map":[55],"problem":[59,111],"onto":[60],"model":[63,70],"quadratic":[65],"unconstrained":[66],"binary":[67],"(QUBO)":[69],"are":[71,214,257],"proposed,":[72],"none":[73],"them":[75],"considers":[76],"minimizing":[77,113],"number":[79,115,147,153,191,238],"colors.":[81],"In":[82,99],"addition,":[83],"there":[84],"Ising-machine-based":[87],"method":[88,106,235,253,266],"considering":[89],"additional":[90,119,164,255,262],"constraints":[91,120,213,256],"in":[92,195],"order":[93],"apply":[95],"practical":[97],"problems.":[98],"this":[100],"paper,":[101],"we":[102,136,161],"propose":[103,138,162],"mapping":[105,208],"including":[112],"colors":[117,149,184,241],"QUBO":[123,207],"model.":[124],"As":[125],"well":[126],"as":[127],"constraint":[129,165],"terms":[130],"for":[131],"firstly":[137],"objective":[140,218],"function":[141,219],"term":[142],"minimize":[145],"so":[150],"used":[155,187,240],"spins":[156],"cannot":[157,185],"increase":[158],"exponentially.":[159],"Secondly,":[160],"terms:":[166],"One":[167],"specific":[170,183],"be":[174,186],"colored":[175],"with":[176],"specified":[177],"colors;":[178],"other":[180],"more":[188],"than":[189],"times":[193],"given":[194],"advance.":[196],"We":[197],"theoretically":[198],"prove":[199],"that,":[200],"if":[201],"energy":[203],"proposed":[206,234,265],"minimized,":[210],"all":[211,273],"satisfied":[215],"minimized.":[221],"result":[223],"experiment":[226],"using":[227],"machine":[230],"showed":[231],"reduces":[236],"up":[243],"75.1%":[245],"on":[246],"average":[247],"compared":[248],"existing":[251],"baseline":[252],"when":[254],"not":[258],"considered.":[259],"Considering":[260],"constraints,":[263],"effectively":[268],"feasible":[270],"satisfying":[272],"constraints.":[275]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
