{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386705783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transfun.2023cip0010","title":"Efficient Homomorphic Evaluation of Arbitrary Uni/Bivariate Integer Functions and Their Applications","display_name":"Efficient Homomorphic Evaluation of Arbitrary Uni/Bivariate Integer Functions and Their Applications","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386705783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transfun.2023cip0010"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1587/transfun.2023cip0010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transfun.2023cip0010","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transfun/E107.A/3/E107.A_2023CIP0010/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166990724","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics Communications and Computer Sciences","issn_l":"0916-8508","issn":["0916-8508","1745-1337"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transfun/E107.A/3/E107.A_2023CIP0010/_pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043141175","display_name":"Daisuke Maeda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4911-401X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146399215","display_name":"University of Tsukuba","ror":"https://ror.org/02956yf07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daisuke MAEDA","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tsukuba"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tsukuba","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062030239","display_name":"Koki Morimura","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146399215","display_name":"University of Tsukuba","ror":"https://ror.org/02956yf07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koki MORIMURA","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tsukuba"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tsukuba","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013613469","display_name":"Shintaro Narisada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9399-9778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164495","display_name":"KDDI Research (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05qsqt662","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164495"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shintaro NARISADA","raw_affiliation_strings":["KDDI Research, Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KDDI Research, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164495"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014137807","display_name":"Kazuhide Fukushima","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2571-0116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164495","display_name":"KDDI Research (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05qsqt662","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164495"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kazuhide FUKUSHIMA","raw_affiliation_strings":["KDDI Research, Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KDDI Research, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164495"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032460212","display_name":"Takashi Nishide","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6518-8989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146399215","display_name":"University of Tsukuba","ror":"https://ror.org/02956yf07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takashi NISHIDE","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tsukuba"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tsukuba","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3173,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6296885,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"E107.A","issue":"3","first_page":"234","last_page":"247"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ciphertext","display_name":"Ciphertext","score":0.8207775950431824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","score":0.6162775158882141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plaintext","display_name":"Plaintext","score":0.5891202092170715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5408234596252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5004184246063232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4940665066242218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4825965166091919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/univariate","display_name":"Univariate","score":0.47771453857421875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bivariate-analysis","display_name":"Bivariate analysis","score":0.45078790187835693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-equation","display_name":"Quadratic equation","score":0.42513924837112427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.39164087176322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3221226930618286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10020068287849426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-statistics","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","score":0.08241727948188782}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93974786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1589480","display_name":"Ciphertext","level":3,"score":0.8207775950431824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729138","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6162775158882141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92717368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1162538","display_name":"Plaintext","level":3,"score":0.5891202092170715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5408234596252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5004184246063232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4940665066242218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4825965166091919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199163554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1681619","display_name":"Univariate","level":3,"score":0.47771453857421875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64341305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4919225","display_name":"Bivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.45078790187835693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.42513924837112427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.39164087176322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3221226930618286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10020068287849426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.08241727948188782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1587/transfun.2023cip0010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transfun.2023cip0010","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transfun/E107.A/3/E107.A_2023CIP0010/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166990724","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics Communications and Computer Sciences","issn_l":"0916-8508","issn":["0916-8508","1745-1337"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1587/transfun.2023cip0010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transfun.2023cip0010","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transfun/E107.A/3/E107.A_2023CIP0010/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166990724","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics Communications and Computer Sciences","issn_l":"0916-8508","issn":["0916-8508","1745-1337"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3206557339","display_name":"Secure Outsourcing of Program Execution with Private Inputs","funder_award_id":"20K11807","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G87618410","display_name":"\u6697\u53f7\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u5b9f\u884c\u56de\u6570\u5236\u9650\u6a5f\u80fd\u306e\u69cb\u6210\u3068\u305d\u306e\u5fdc\u7528","funder_award_id":"23K18459","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325763","display_name":"Telecommunications Advancement Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05y77zf79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386705783.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W236632755","https://openalex.org/W913176383","https://openalex.org/W1966731635","https://openalex.org/W2031533839","https://openalex.org/W2055580199","https://openalex.org/W2152926062","https://openalex.org/W2226167778","https://openalex.org/W2358010479","https://openalex.org/W2768174108","https://openalex.org/W2794634409","https://openalex.org/W2805215324","https://openalex.org/W2903180537","https://openalex.org/W2942255051","https://openalex.org/W2944259260","https://openalex.org/W2963939032","https://openalex.org/W2990280959","https://openalex.org/W2999783367","https://openalex.org/W3013520805","https://openalex.org/W3028867652","https://openalex.org/W3120341667","https://openalex.org/W3134663857","https://openalex.org/W3157813311","https://openalex.org/W3159746013","https://openalex.org/W3176410512","https://openalex.org/W3198825046","https://openalex.org/W3202996395","https://openalex.org/W4307823890"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4394590985","https://openalex.org/W2348840575","https://openalex.org/W2030498341","https://openalex.org/W3122841410","https://openalex.org/W2046205453","https://openalex.org/W2770017172","https://openalex.org/W89977309","https://openalex.org/W2183901182","https://openalex.org/W2030930882","https://openalex.org/W4300013323"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,193],"propose":[1,104],"how":[2,149],"to":[3,113,130,150,157,169,180],"homomorphically":[4],"evaluate":[5],"arbitrary":[6],"univariate":[7],"and":[8,40,43,65,73,102,185,209,220,230,243],"bivariate":[9],"integer":[10,183],"functions":[11],"such":[12,27],"as":[13],"division.":[14],"A":[15],"prior":[16,100,196,228,236],"work":[17,101,131,197,229,237],"proposed":[18],"by":[19,176],"Okada":[20,55,199,206],"et":[21,56,200,207],"al.":[22,57],"(WISTP'18)":[23],"uses":[24],"polynomial":[25],"evaluations":[26],"that":[28,108,222],"the":[29,35,47,52,59,69,81,84,99,110,115,123,133,153,171,195,216,223,227,235],"scheme":[30,53,212,250],"is":[31,44],"still":[32,239],"compatible":[33],"with":[34,46,132,159,215],"SIMD":[36,124],"operations":[37,76],"in":[38,68,140,213,254],"BFV":[39],"BGV":[41],"schemes,":[42],"implemented":[45],"input":[48,70,117,135,154,173,217],"domain":[49,71,118,136,155,174,218],"\u2124257.":[50],"However,":[51],"of":[54,62,121,198,205,226,234],"requires":[58],"quadratic":[60,85],"numbers":[61],"plaintext-ciphertext":[63],"multiplications":[64],"ciphertext-ciphertext":[66,82],"additions":[67],"size,":[72,137],"although":[74],"these":[75],"are":[77,238],"more":[78],"lightweight":[79],"than":[80],"multiplication,":[83],"complexity":[86],"makes":[87],"handling":[88,170],"larger":[89,116,134,172],"inputs":[90],"quite":[91],"inefficient.":[92],"In":[93,145],"this":[94],"work,":[95],"first":[96],"we":[97,147,165],"improve":[98],"also":[103],"a":[105,141,160],"new":[106,211,249],"approach":[107,168],"exploits":[109],"packing":[111],"method":[112],"handle":[114],"size":[119,156,175],"instead":[120],"enabling":[122],"operation,":[125],"thus":[126],"making":[127],"it":[128],"possible":[129],"e.g.,":[138],"\u2124215":[139],"reasonably":[142],"efficient":[143],"way.":[144],"addition,":[146],"show":[148,166],"slightly":[151],"extend":[152],"\u2124216":[158],"relatively":[161],"moderate":[162],"overhead.":[163],"Further":[164],"another":[167],"using":[177],"two":[178],"ciphertexts":[179],"encrypt":[181],"one":[182],"plaintext":[184],"applying":[186],"our":[187,202,210,231,248],"techniques":[188],"for":[189],"uni/bivariate":[190],"function":[191],"evaluation.":[192],"implement":[194],"al.,":[201,208],"improved":[203,232],"version":[204,233],"PALISADE":[214],"\u2124215,":[219],"confirm":[221],"estimated":[224],"run-times":[225],"about":[240],"117":[241],"days":[242,245],"59":[244],"respectively":[246],"while":[247],"can":[251],"be":[252],"computed":[253],"307":[255],"seconds.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-02-03T00:53:05.648605","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}