{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285138653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transele.2022mmi0006","title":"A Review of GaN MMIC Power Amplifier Technologies for Millimeter-Wave Applications","display_name":"A Review of GaN MMIC Power Amplifier Technologies for Millimeter-Wave Applications","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285138653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transele.2022mmi0006"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1587/transele.2022mmi0006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transele.2022mmi0006","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transele/E105.C/10/E105.C_2022MMI0006/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2489501747","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Electronics","issn_l":"0916-8524","issn":["0916-8524","1745-1353"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transele/E105.C/10/E105.C_2022MMI0006/_pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103914956","display_name":"Keigo Nakatani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159266","display_name":"Mitsubishi Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/053jnhe44","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306287861","https://openalex.org/I4210133125","https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keigo NAKATANI","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology R&D Center, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology R&D Center, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039274625","display_name":"Yutaro Yamaguchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1919-7195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159266","display_name":"Mitsubishi Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/053jnhe44","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306287861","https://openalex.org/I4210133125","https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yutaro YAMAGUCHI","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology R&D Center, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology R&D Center, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050939698","display_name":"Takuma Torii","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1234-6132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159266","display_name":"Mitsubishi Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/053jnhe44","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306287861","https://openalex.org/I4210133125","https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takuma TORII","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology R&D Center, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology R&D Center, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047669669","display_name":"Masaomi Tsuru","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159266","display_name":"Mitsubishi Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/053jnhe44","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306287861","https://openalex.org/I4210133125","https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masaomi TSURU","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology R&D Center, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology R&D Center, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7418,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65902412,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"E105.C","issue":"10","first_page":"433","last_page":"440"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monolithic-microwave-integrated-circuit","display_name":"Monolithic microwave integrated circuit","score":0.8593508005142212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.7807682752609253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-electron-mobility-transistor","display_name":"High-electron-mobility transistor","score":0.778986930847168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.7477357387542725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.6023352742195129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traveling-wave-tube","display_name":"Traveling-wave tube","score":0.5700892210006714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5695195198059082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gallium-nitride","display_name":"Gallium nitride","score":0.5432043075561523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.5188238024711609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4415942430496216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4343371093273163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3670256733894348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.3109334111213684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3093178868293762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2271224558353424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19477343559265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.11994755268096924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.07564175128936768}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128450285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1945036","display_name":"Monolithic microwave integrated circuit","level":4,"score":0.8593508005142212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.7807682752609253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162057924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1617706","display_name":"High-electron-mobility transistor","level":4,"score":0.778986930847168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.7477357387542725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.6023352742195129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142803427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1164091","display_name":"Traveling-wave tube","level":4,"score":0.5700892210006714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5695195198059082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778871202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411713","display_name":"Gallium nitride","level":3,"score":0.5432043075561523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.5188238024711609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4415942430496216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4343371093273163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3670256733894348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.3109334111213684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3093178868293762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2271224558353424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19477343559265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.11994755268096924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.07564175128936768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1587/transele.2022mmi0006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transele.2022mmi0006","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transele/E105.C/10/E105.C_2022MMI0006/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2489501747","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Electronics","issn_l":"0916-8524","issn":["0916-8524","1745-1353"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1587/transele.2022mmi0006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transele.2022mmi0006","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transele/E105.C/10/E105.C_2022MMI0006/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2489501747","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Electronics","issn_l":"0916-8524","issn":["0916-8524","1745-1353"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285138653.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285138653.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W321215454","https://openalex.org/W1595335929","https://openalex.org/W2031846217","https://openalex.org/W2110944837","https://openalex.org/W2154295834","https://openalex.org/W2598611031","https://openalex.org/W2621786098","https://openalex.org/W2763806866","https://openalex.org/W2782224697","https://openalex.org/W2782570013","https://openalex.org/W2803793567","https://openalex.org/W2896997212","https://openalex.org/W2897147889","https://openalex.org/W2902450426","https://openalex.org/W2902485230","https://openalex.org/W2971782863","https://openalex.org/W2972186332","https://openalex.org/W2990170466","https://openalex.org/W3004259063","https://openalex.org/W3013523550","https://openalex.org/W3088121808","https://openalex.org/W3131841207","https://openalex.org/W3154092363"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1542549500","https://openalex.org/W2990861346","https://openalex.org/W2226943413","https://openalex.org/W2167356313","https://openalex.org/W1897760433","https://openalex.org/W1557806132","https://openalex.org/W2472160638","https://openalex.org/W2559825181","https://openalex.org/W3209950509","https://openalex.org/W1975307200"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"GaN":[0,23,41,91],"microwave":[1],"monolithic":[2],"integrated":[3,45],"circuit":[4],"(MMIC)":[5],"power":[6,28],"amplifiers":[7,35],"(PAs)":[8],"technologies":[9],"for":[10,50],"millimeter-wave":[11],"(mm-wave)":[12],"applications":[13],"are":[14],"reviewed":[15],"in":[16,37,70,93],"this":[17,55],"paper.":[18],"In":[19,54],"the":[20,65,77,89],"mm-wave":[21],"band,":[22],"PAs":[24,42,74,92],"have":[25,43,81],"achieved":[26,82],"high-output":[27],"as":[29,31],"much":[30],"traveling":[32],"wave":[33],"tube":[34],"used":[36,49],"satellite":[38],"communications.":[39],"Additionally,":[40],"been":[44],"enough":[46],"to":[47,86],"be":[48],"5G":[51],"and":[52],"Beyond-5G.":[53],"paper,":[56],"a":[57],"high":[58],"accuracy":[59],"large-signal":[60],"GaN-HEMT":[61],"modeling":[62,79],"technique":[63,80],"including":[64],"trapping":[66],"effects":[67],"is":[68],"introduced":[69],"mm-waves.":[71],"The":[72],"prototyped":[73],"designed":[75],"with":[76],"novel":[78],"RF":[83],"performance":[84],"comparable":[85],"that":[87],"of":[88],"state-of-the-art":[90],"mm-wave.":[94]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-18T07:49:30.821534","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
