{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3152719817","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transele.2021mmi0006","title":"How to Design an Outphasing Power Amplifier with Digital Predistortion","display_name":"How to Design an Outphasing Power Amplifier with Digital Predistortion","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3152719817","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transele.2021mmi0006","mag":"3152719817"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1587/transele.2021mmi0006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transele.2021mmi0006","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transele/E104.C/10/E104.C_2021MMI0006/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2489501747","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Electronics","issn_l":"0916-8524","issn":["0916-8524","1745-1353"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transele/E104.C/10/E104.C_2021MMI0006/_pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110030727","display_name":"Shigekazu Kimura","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159607","display_name":"Fujitsu (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w4yzw62","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159607"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shigekazu KIMURA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fujitsu"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujitsu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159607"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108652563","display_name":"Toshio Kawasaki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159607","display_name":"Fujitsu (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w4yzw62","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159607"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toshio KAWASAKI","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fujitsu"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujitsu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159607"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110030727"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159607"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2005,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48635293,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"E104.C","issue":"10","first_page":"472","last_page":"479"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predistortion","display_name":"Predistortion","score":0.9348005056381226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.8464292287826538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-amplifier","display_name":"Linear amplifier","score":0.7224388718605042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rf-power-amplifier","display_name":"RF power amplifier","score":0.6198717951774597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doherty-amplifier","display_name":"Doherty amplifier","score":0.5959868431091309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5677273869514465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-coupled-amplifier","display_name":"Direct-coupled amplifier","score":0.5593777298927307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascade-amplifier","display_name":"Cascade amplifier","score":0.5289595127105713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-added-efficiency","display_name":"Power-added efficiency","score":0.5066331028938293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.503572404384613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.46869325637817383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-electron-mobility-transistor","display_name":"High-electron-mobility transistor","score":0.41907578706741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.39716869592666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3522825241088867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3047025799751282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operational-amplifier","display_name":"Operational amplifier","score":0.1845341920852661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.1434473991394043}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778587875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239686","display_name":"Predistortion","level":4,"score":0.9348005056381226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.8464292287826538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71041172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6553412","display_name":"Linear amplifier","level":5,"score":0.7224388718605042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196054291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7276624","display_name":"RF power amplifier","level":4,"score":0.6198717951774597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779809587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5288561","display_name":"Doherty amplifier","level":5,"score":0.5959868431091309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5677273869514465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172218469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4477697","display_name":"Direct-coupled amplifier","level":5,"score":0.5593777298927307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49922035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6935100","display_name":"Cascade amplifier","level":5,"score":0.5289595127105713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129231560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7236462","display_name":"Power-added efficiency","level":5,"score":0.5066331028938293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.503572404384613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.46869325637817383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162057924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1617706","display_name":"High-electron-mobility transistor","level":4,"score":0.41907578706741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.39716869592666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3522825241088867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3047025799751282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145366948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178947","display_name":"Operational amplifier","level":4,"score":0.1845341920852661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.1434473991394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1587/transele.2021mmi0006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transele.2021mmi0006","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transele/E104.C/10/E104.C_2021MMI0006/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2489501747","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Electronics","issn_l":"0916-8524","issn":["0916-8524","1745-1353"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1587/transele.2021mmi0006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transele.2021mmi0006","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transele/E104.C/10/E104.C_2021MMI0006/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2489501747","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Electronics","issn_l":"0916-8524","issn":["0916-8524","1745-1353"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314997","display_name":"Strong","ror":"https://ror.org/041vyzr56"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321879","display_name":"Fujitsu","ror":"https://ror.org/038e2g226"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3152719817.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3152719817.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W176029032","https://openalex.org/W1846751008","https://openalex.org/W1984373895","https://openalex.org/W1985298838","https://openalex.org/W1999195298","https://openalex.org/W2006492220","https://openalex.org/W2015709883","https://openalex.org/W2084174301","https://openalex.org/W2104183221","https://openalex.org/W2104844680","https://openalex.org/W2109306558","https://openalex.org/W2117192612","https://openalex.org/W2122163397","https://openalex.org/W2145709125","https://openalex.org/W2156552795","https://openalex.org/W2165377543","https://openalex.org/W2166185984","https://openalex.org/W2169249318","https://openalex.org/W2598611031","https://openalex.org/W2619607578","https://openalex.org/W2760882338","https://openalex.org/W2763987772","https://openalex.org/W2764158875","https://openalex.org/W2767333194","https://openalex.org/W2767341347","https://openalex.org/W2783191718","https://openalex.org/W3108155107","https://openalex.org/W4238972641"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2081104977","https://openalex.org/W3177917596","https://openalex.org/W2347978285","https://openalex.org/W2155547730","https://openalex.org/W755062391","https://openalex.org/W2560555503","https://openalex.org/W3184961419","https://openalex.org/W2994486666","https://openalex.org/W2129874403","https://openalex.org/W2393882086"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"improving":[1],"the":[2,16,38,42,84,94],"fifth-generation":[3],"mobile":[4],"communication":[5],"system,":[6],"a":[7,26,34,46,55,78,110],"highly":[8],"efficient":[9],"power":[10,69],"amplifier":[11,21,53,82,101],"must":[12],"be":[13,25],"designed":[14,33],"for":[15,28],"base":[17],"station.":[18],"An":[19],"outphasing":[20,43,81],"is":[22],"expected":[23],"to":[24,65,92],"solution":[27],"achieving":[29,58],"high":[30,62],"efficiency.":[31],"We":[32,75,87],"combiner,":[35],"one":[36],"of":[37,41,96,107],"key":[39],"components":[40],"amplifier,":[44],"using":[45],"serial":[47],"Chireix":[48],"combiner":[49],"and":[50,102],"fabricated":[51,77],"an":[52,71,104],"with":[54,83],"GaN":[56],"HEMT,":[57],"70%":[59],"or":[60],"more":[61],"efficiency":[63,106],"up":[64],"9":[66],"dB":[67],"back-off":[68],"in":[70,99],"800":[72],"MHz":[73,112],"band.":[74],"also":[76],"2":[79],"GHz-band":[80],"same":[85],"design.":[86],"applied":[88],"digital":[89],"predistortion":[90],"(DPD)":[91],"control":[93],"balance":[95],"amplifying":[97],"units":[98],"this":[100],"achieved":[103],"average":[105],"65%":[108],"under":[109],"20":[111],"modulation":[113],"bandwidth.":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
