{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206083249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transele.2021cdp0002","title":"Time-Based Current Source: A Highly Digital Robust Current Generator for Switched Capacitor Circuits","display_name":"Time-Based Current Source: A Highly Digital Robust Current Generator for Switched Capacitor Circuits","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206083249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transele.2021cdp0002"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1587/transele.2021cdp0002","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transele.2021cdp0002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2489501747","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Electronics","issn_l":"0916-8524","issn":["0916-8524","1745-1353"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055467060","display_name":"Kentaro Yoshioka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5640-2250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203951103","display_name":"Keio University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kn6nx58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kentaro YOSHIOKA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Keio University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Keio University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055467060"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00392883,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"E105.C","issue":"7","first_page":"324","last_page":"333"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistor","display_name":"Resistor","score":0.7594239115715027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current-source","display_name":"Current source","score":0.6595582962036133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.6130490303039551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.6113241910934448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current-mirror","display_name":"Current mirror","score":0.5790849924087524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current","display_name":"Current (fluid)","score":0.5771152973175049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5658339262008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5269573330879211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverter","display_name":"Inverter","score":0.45031288266181946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.4374423325061798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operational-amplifier","display_name":"Operational amplifier","score":0.42310020327568054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current-limiting","display_name":"Current limiting","score":0.41678690910339355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3799664378166199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.336466908454895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.26716873049736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.24056005477905273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.23367032408714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11860489845275879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.09744828939437866}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137488568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5321","display_name":"Resistor","level":3,"score":0.7594239115715027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781331714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1163768","display_name":"Current source","level":3,"score":0.6595582962036133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.6130490303039551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.6113241910934448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173966970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786012","display_name":"Current mirror","level":4,"score":0.5790849924087524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.5771152973175049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5658339262008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5269573330879211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11190779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664575","display_name":"Inverter","level":3,"score":0.45031288266181946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.4374423325061798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145366948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178947","display_name":"Operational amplifier","level":4,"score":0.42310020327568054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204106720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15856134","display_name":"Current limiting","level":3,"score":0.41678690910339355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3799664378166199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.336466908454895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.26716873049736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.24056005477905273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.23367032408714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11860489845275879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.09744828939437866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1587/transele.2021cdp0002","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transele.2021cdp0002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2489501747","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Electronics","issn_l":"0916-8524","issn":["0916-8524","1745-1353"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1650807027","https://openalex.org/W1981569522","https://openalex.org/W2009275112","https://openalex.org/W2076528485","https://openalex.org/W2094846461","https://openalex.org/W2094860990","https://openalex.org/W2123617179","https://openalex.org/W2124390946","https://openalex.org/W2124838096","https://openalex.org/W2133201500","https://openalex.org/W2139801901","https://openalex.org/W2146031070","https://openalex.org/W2149296784","https://openalex.org/W2173932149","https://openalex.org/W2558291233","https://openalex.org/W2594167987","https://openalex.org/W2600052046","https://openalex.org/W2754812974","https://openalex.org/W2789625526","https://openalex.org/W2889165723","https://openalex.org/W2903551423","https://openalex.org/W2913584304","https://openalex.org/W2921115626","https://openalex.org/W2959812166","https://openalex.org/W2965577611","https://openalex.org/W3015935840","https://openalex.org/W3041872181","https://openalex.org/W3090442715","https://openalex.org/W4239486830"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387399105","https://openalex.org/W4383748871","https://openalex.org/W2945616030","https://openalex.org/W2187128224","https://openalex.org/W2743508042","https://openalex.org/W2475851795","https://openalex.org/W1500249877","https://openalex.org/W773566668","https://openalex.org/W2119969220","https://openalex.org/W4310529624"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,104,117],"resistor":[1,95],"variation":[2,119,134],"can":[3],"severely":[4],"affect":[5],"current":[6,49,76,91,102,118,128,151],"reference":[7,48,68,80,101],"sources,":[8,129],"which":[9],"may":[10],"vary":[11],"up":[12],"to":[13,61,122,125,148],"\u00b140%":[14],"in":[15,108,131],"scaled":[16],"CMOS":[17,110],"processes.":[18],"In":[19],"addition,":[20],"such":[21],"variations":[22],"make":[23],"the":[24,30,63,67,71,74,83,87,89,140],"opamp":[25,146],"design":[26,31],"challenging":[27],"and":[28,46,97],"increase":[29],"margin,":[32],"impacting":[33],"power":[34],"consumption.":[35],"This":[36],"paper":[37],"proposes":[38],"a":[39,44,58,79,99,112],"Time-Based":[40],"Current":[41],"Source":[42],"(TBCS):":[43],"robust":[45,100],"process-scalable":[47],"source":[50],"suitable":[51],"for":[52],"switched-capacitor":[53],"(SC)":[54],"circuits.":[55],"We":[56],"construct":[57],"delay-locked-loop":[59],"(DLL)":[60],"lock":[62],"current-starved":[64],"inverter":[65],"with":[66],"clock,":[69],"enabling":[70],"use":[72],"of":[73,115],"settled":[75],"directly":[77],"as":[78,139],"current.":[81],"Since":[82],"load":[84],"capacitors":[85],"determine":[86],"delay,":[88],"generated":[90],"is":[92,120],"decoupled":[93],"from":[94],"values":[96],"enables":[98],"source.":[103,152],"prototype":[105],"TBCS":[106,143],"fabricated":[107],"28nm":[109],"achieved":[111],"minimal":[113],"area":[114],"1200um2.":[116],"suppressed":[121],"half":[123],"compared":[124],"BGR":[126],"based":[127],"confirmed":[130],"extensive":[132],"PVT":[133],"simulations.":[135],"Moreover,":[136],"when":[137],"used":[138],"opamp's":[141],"bias,":[142],"achieves":[144],"comparable":[145],"GBW":[147],"an":[149],"ideal":[150]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}