{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2987637366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transele.2019ecp5007","title":"Optimized Charge Pump and Nonlinear Phase Frequency Detector for a Ka-Band Phase-Locked Loop in 90-nm CMOS Process","display_name":"Optimized Charge Pump and Nonlinear Phase Frequency Detector for a Ka-Band Phase-Locked Loop in 90-nm CMOS Process","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2987637366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transele.2019ecp5007","mag":"2987637366"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1587/transele.2019ecp5007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transele.2019ecp5007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2489501747","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Electronics","issn_l":"0916-8524","issn":["0916-8524","1745-1353"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088281413","display_name":"Lu Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9856-2006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090971","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cf0ab87","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090971"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu TANG","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of RF- & OE-ICs, Southeast University","Quantum Information Research Center, Southeast University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of RF- & OE-ICs, Southeast University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090971"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quantum Information Research Center, Southeast University","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009631608","display_name":"Zhigong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9203-4683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090971","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cf0ab87","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090971"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhigong WANG","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of RF- & OE-ICs, Southeast University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of RF- & OE-ICs, Southeast University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090971"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014120763","display_name":"Tiantian Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4867-3856"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090971","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cf0ab87","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090971"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiantian FAN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of RF- & OE-ICs, Southeast University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of RF- & OE-ICs, Southeast University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090971"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036422953","display_name":"Faen Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090971","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cf0ab87","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090971"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faen LIU","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of RF- & OE-ICs, Southeast University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of RF- & OE-ICs, Southeast University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090971"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084442648","display_name":"Changchun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1611-9543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changchun ZHANG","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12008707,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"E102.C","issue":"11","first_page":"825","last_page":"832"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.8088140487670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charge-pump","display_name":"Charge pump","score":0.7259448766708374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-frequency-detector","display_name":"Phase frequency detector","score":0.692497968673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.6369708180427551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.49922990798950195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-detector","display_name":"Phase detector","score":0.46931859850883484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-synthesizer","display_name":"Frequency synthesizer","score":0.45928430557250977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.45433834195137024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.45219266414642334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.41767966747283936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.41579392552375793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3696516752243042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.36836397647857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3649601340293884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3598455786705017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2824520468711853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.23538735508918762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.144288569688797}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.8088140487670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114825011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q440704","display_name":"Charge pump","level":4,"score":0.7259448766708374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776158855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2085341","display_name":"Phase frequency detector","level":5,"score":0.692497968673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.6369708180427551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.49922990798950195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110086884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2085341","display_name":"Phase detector","level":3,"score":0.46931859850883484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182099602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2660678","display_name":"Frequency synthesizer","level":4,"score":0.45928430557250977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.45433834195137024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.45219266414642334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.41767966747283936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.41579392552375793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3696516752243042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.36836397647857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3649601340293884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3598455786705017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2824520468711853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.23538735508918762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.144288569688797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1587/transele.2019ecp5007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transele.2019ecp5007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2489501747","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Electronics","issn_l":"0916-8524","issn":["0916-8524","1745-1353"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1651236061","https://openalex.org/W2000058577","https://openalex.org/W2003465037","https://openalex.org/W2011113713","https://openalex.org/W2020962581","https://openalex.org/W2029202446","https://openalex.org/W2030777794","https://openalex.org/W2035821760","https://openalex.org/W2066684071","https://openalex.org/W2083972488","https://openalex.org/W2107514446","https://openalex.org/W2119216036","https://openalex.org/W2141608375","https://openalex.org/W2156412600","https://openalex.org/W2158180061","https://openalex.org/W2160879379","https://openalex.org/W2162036161","https://openalex.org/W2545819622"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2369807905","https://openalex.org/W4385624389","https://openalex.org/W2979324006","https://openalex.org/W2330020385","https://openalex.org/W2752021769","https://openalex.org/W3093724499","https://openalex.org/W4381745543","https://openalex.org/W2908219865","https://openalex.org/W2087564251","https://openalex.org/W3177439118"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"an":[3],"improved":[4,89],"charge":[5,44],"pump":[6],"(CP)":[7],"and":[8,18,46,72,124,131,147],"a":[9,21,30,57,78,106],"modified":[10,58,118,129],"nonlinear":[11,52,73,119],"phase":[12,112],"frequency":[13,141],"detector":[14],"(PFD)":[15],"are":[16,75],"designed":[17],"fabricated":[19],"in":[20],"90-nm":[22],"CMOS":[23],"process.":[24],"The":[25,51,69,81,110],"CP":[26,71,90,130,146],"is":[27,54,91,121,149],"optimized":[28,70,145],"with":[29],"combination":[31],"of":[32,66,87,116,137],"circuit":[33,59],"techniques":[34],"such":[35],"as":[36],"pedestal":[37],"error":[38,113],"cancel":[39],"scheme":[40],"to":[41,61,103,127],"eliminate":[42],"the":[43,47,63,67,88,96,117,128,133,138,144,155],"injection":[45],"other":[48],"non-ideal":[49],"characteristics.":[50],"PFD":[53,74,120,148],"based":[55],"on":[56],"topology":[60],"enhance":[62],"acquisition":[64],"capability":[65],"PLL.":[68,80],"integrated":[76],"into":[77],"Ka-band":[79,139],"measured":[82,111,134],"output":[83,97],"current":[84],"mismatch":[85],"ratio":[86],"less":[92],"than":[93],"1%":[94],"when":[95],"voltage":[98],"Vout":[99],"fluctuates":[100],"between":[101,122],"0.2":[102],"1.1V":[104],"from":[105],"1.2V":[107],"power":[108],"supply.":[109],"detection":[114],"range":[115],"-2\u03c0":[123],"2\u03c0.":[125],"Owing":[126],"PFD,":[132],"reference":[135],"spur":[136],"PLL":[140],"synthesizer":[142],"containing":[143],"only":[150],"-56.409dBc":[151],"at":[152,154],"30-GHz":[153],"locked":[156],"state.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}