{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313855175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transcom.2022ebp3160","title":"Dynamic VNF Scheduling: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach","display_name":"Dynamic VNF Scheduling: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313855175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transcom.2022ebp3160"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1587/transcom.2022ebp3160","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transcom.2022ebp3160","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2493627025","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0916-8516","issn":["0916-8516","1745-1345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014317253","display_name":"Zixiao ZHANG","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22299242","display_name":"Kyoto University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kpeqv85","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zixiao ZHANG","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyoto University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyoto University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048011832","display_name":"Fujun He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2860-2930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22299242","display_name":"Kyoto University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kpeqv85","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fujun HE","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyoto University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyoto University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047825950","display_name":"Eiji Oki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2177-5027"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22299242","display_name":"Kyoto University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kpeqv85","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eiji OKI","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyoto University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyoto University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8773,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73160681,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"E106.B","issue":"7","first_page":"557","last_page":"570"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9832000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8854745030403137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8707827925682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5520956516265869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.5304697751998901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer-programming","display_name":"Integer programming","score":0.518316388130188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4714551866054535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.46025288105010986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.45730072259902954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/q-learning","display_name":"Q-learning","score":0.4318668246269226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.11386376619338989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.10367217659950256}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8854745030403137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8707827925682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5520956516265869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.5304697751998901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56086750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042592","display_name":"Integer programming","level":2,"score":0.518316388130188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4714551866054535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.46025288105010986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.45730072259902954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188116033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2664563","display_name":"Q-learning","level":3,"score":0.4318668246269226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.11386376619338989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.10367217659950256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1587/transcom.2022ebp3160","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transcom.2022ebp3160","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2493627025","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0916-8516","issn":["0916-8516","1745-1345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1642938526","display_name":"Service-chain mapping and scheduling scheme considering uncertainties in processing performance","funder_award_id":"21H03426","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975957851","https://openalex.org/W2044684891","https://openalex.org/W2325027954","https://openalex.org/W2798805044","https://openalex.org/W2929242575","https://openalex.org/W2951309479","https://openalex.org/W2953169926","https://openalex.org/W2977953318","https://openalex.org/W3006670753","https://openalex.org/W3017748691","https://openalex.org/W3037066862","https://openalex.org/W3044168612","https://openalex.org/W3117956001","https://openalex.org/W3128474488","https://openalex.org/W3133488328","https://openalex.org/W3155774439","https://openalex.org/W3156071039","https://openalex.org/W3176314363","https://openalex.org/W3183772159","https://openalex.org/W3202028890","https://openalex.org/W4210351846"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2742483371","https://openalex.org/W3096874164","https://openalex.org/W2166117066","https://openalex.org/W3087814763","https://openalex.org/W2357975469","https://openalex.org/W2136202932","https://openalex.org/W4376605461","https://openalex.org/W4400868993","https://openalex.org/W2361647908","https://openalex.org/W2952356279"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"introduces":[2],"a":[3,60,110],"deep":[4,127],"reinforcement":[5,128],"learning":[6,45,48,129],"approach":[7,93,130],"to":[8,42,67,82],"solve":[9],"the":[10,27,37,44,53,74,84,91,125,132],"virtual":[11],"network":[12,69],"function":[13,70],"scheduling":[14],"problem":[15,28],"in":[16,29,73,80,100,136],"dynamic":[17,33],"scenarios.":[18,31],"We":[19,58,89],"formulate":[20],"an":[21,115],"integer":[22,116],"linear":[23,117],"programming":[24,118],"model":[25],"for":[26],"static":[30],"In":[32],"scenarios,":[34],"we":[35],"define":[36],"state,":[38],"action,":[39],"and":[40,63,114],"reward":[41],"form":[43],"approach.":[46,119],"The":[47,76,103,120],"agents":[49,66,78],"are":[50],"applied":[51],"with":[52,94],"asynchronous":[54],"advantage":[55],"actor-critic":[56],"algorithm.":[57],"assign":[59],"master":[61,85],"agent":[62,86],"several":[64],"worker":[65,77],"each":[68],"virtualization":[71],"node":[72],"problem.":[75],"work":[79],"parallel":[81],"help":[83],"make":[87],"decision.":[88],"compare":[90],"introduced":[92,126],"existing":[95,104],"approaches":[96,105],"by":[97,134],"applying":[98],"them":[99],"simulated":[101,111],"environments.":[102],"include":[106],"three":[107],"greedy":[108],"approaches,":[109],"annealing":[112],"approach,":[113],"numerical":[121],"results":[122],"show":[123],"that":[124],"improves":[131],"performance":[133],"6-27%":[135],"our":[137],"examined":[138],"cases.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}