{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3209371283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transcom.2021ebt0004","title":"KBP: Kernel Enhancements for Low-Latency Networking for Virtual Machine and Container without Application Customization","display_name":"KBP: Kernel Enhancements for Low-Latency Networking for Virtual Machine and Container without Application Customization","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3209371283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transcom.2021ebt0004","mag":"3209371283"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1587/transcom.2021ebt0004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transcom.2021ebt0004","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transcom/E105.B/5/E105.B_2021EBT0004/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2493627025","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0916-8516","issn":["0916-8516","1745-1345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transcom/E105.B/5/E105.B_2021EBT0004/_pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067107205","display_name":"Kei Fujimoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7436-6978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2251713219","display_name":"NTT (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00berct97","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kei FUJIMOTO","raw_affiliation_strings":["NTT Network Service Systems Laboratories, NTT Corporation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTT Network Service Systems Laboratories, NTT Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005319735","display_name":"M. Kaneko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6596-1716"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2251713219","display_name":"NTT (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00berct97","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masashi KANEKO","raw_affiliation_strings":["NTT Network Service Systems Laboratories, NTT Corporation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTT Network Service Systems Laboratories, NTT Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012303108","display_name":"Kenichi Matsui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9270-3015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090123","display_name":"NTT (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d9y2633","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219","https://openalex.org/I4210090123"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenichi MATSUI","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nippon Telegraph and Telephone West Corporation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nippon Telegraph and Telephone West Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090123"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042759304","display_name":"Masayuki Akutsu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2251713219","display_name":"NTT (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00berct97","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masayuki AKUTSU","raw_affiliation_strings":["NTT Network Service Systems Laboratories, NTT Corporation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTT Network Service Systems Laboratories, NTT Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1223,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79823244,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"E105.B","issue":"5","first_page":"522","last_page":"532"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8725398182868958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.7359457015991211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.6326217651367188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linux-kernel","display_name":"Linux kernel","score":0.5810570120811462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.5384359955787659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.4894181787967682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-latency","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","score":0.478739470243454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4721924066543579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-space","display_name":"User space","score":0.4637947678565979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-machine","display_name":"Virtual machine","score":0.4160573482513428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.37793272733688354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3687788248062134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07875603437423706}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8725398182868958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.7359457015991211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.6326217651367188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C553261973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14579","display_name":"Linux kernel","level":2,"score":0.5810570120811462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5384359955787659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.4894181787967682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46637626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693015","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","level":2,"score":0.478739470243454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4721924066543579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775877400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142183","display_name":"User space","level":2,"score":0.4637947678565979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.4160573482513428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.37793272733688354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3687788248062134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07875603437423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1587/transcom.2021ebt0004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transcom.2021ebt0004","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transcom/E105.B/5/E105.B_2021EBT0004/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2493627025","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0916-8516","issn":["0916-8516","1745-1345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1587/transcom.2021ebt0004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transcom.2021ebt0004","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transcom/E105.B/5/E105.B_2021EBT0004/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2493627025","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0916-8516","issn":["0916-8516","1745-1345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3209371283.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3209371283.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965446097","https://openalex.org/W2032228686","https://openalex.org/W2169414316","https://openalex.org/W2509762330","https://openalex.org/W2543413927","https://openalex.org/W2585925237","https://openalex.org/W2604226661","https://openalex.org/W2672265487","https://openalex.org/W2744422425","https://openalex.org/W2761028280","https://openalex.org/W2784711283","https://openalex.org/W2790466674","https://openalex.org/W2903038868","https://openalex.org/W2917975220","https://openalex.org/W3137221514","https://openalex.org/W4301455809"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2367644348","https://openalex.org/W2358779924","https://openalex.org/W2537983160","https://openalex.org/W2123280114","https://openalex.org/W115639647","https://openalex.org/W2793353921","https://openalex.org/W2380718268","https://openalex.org/W2347849832","https://openalex.org/W2140784315","https://openalex.org/W2760300028"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Packet":[0],"processing":[1],"on":[2,28,46],"commodity":[3,30],"hardware":[4,19],"is":[5,115],"a":[6,21,26,29,48,53,56,67,70,82,107,110,150,154,168,171],"cost-efficient":[7],"and":[8,40,55,80,98,109,128,153,170,186,199,222],"flexible":[9],"alternative":[10],"to":[11,135,148,192,220,228],"specialized":[12],"networking":[13,18,50,64,84],"hardware.":[14],"However,":[15],"virtualizing":[16],"dedicated":[17],"as":[20,37],"virtual":[22],"machine":[23],"(VM)":[24],"or":[25],"container":[27,155,211],"server":[31],"results":[32,158],"in":[33,52,66,106,166],"performance":[34],"problems,":[35],"such":[36,76],"longer":[38],"latency":[39,181,217],"lower":[41],"throughput.":[42],"This":[43],"paper":[44],"focuses":[45],"obtaining":[47],"low-latency":[49,83],"system":[51],"VM":[54,68,108,151,169,175],"container.":[57,172],"We":[58],"reveal":[59],"mechanisms":[60],"that":[61,160],"cause":[62],"millisecond-scale":[63],"delays":[65,97,165],"through":[69],"series":[71],"of":[72],"experiments.":[73],"To":[74],"eliminate":[75],"delays,":[77],"we":[78],"design":[79],"implement":[81],"system,":[85],"kernel":[86,141],"busy":[87],"poll":[88],"(KBP),":[89],"which":[90],"achieves":[91,162],"three":[92,193],"goals:":[93],"(1)":[94],"microsecond-scale":[95,163],"tail":[96,164],"higher":[99],"throughput":[100,189,225],"than":[101,184],"conventional":[102],"solutions":[103],"are":[104],"achieved":[105],"container;":[111],"(2)":[112],"application":[113,125],"customization":[114],"not":[116,133],"required,":[117],"so":[118],"applications":[119],"can":[120,145],"use":[121],"the":[122,174,188,203,210,224],"POSIX":[123],"sockets":[124],"program":[126],"interface;":[127],"(3)":[129],"KBP":[130,144,161,177,213],"software":[131],"does":[132],"need":[134],"be":[136,146],"developed":[137],"for":[138],"every":[139],"Linux":[140],"security":[142],"update.":[143],"applied":[147],"both":[149,167],"configuration":[152],"configuration.":[156],"Evaluation":[157],"indicate":[159],"In":[173,209],"configuration,":[176,212],"reduces":[178,214],"maximum":[179,215],"round-trip":[180,216],"by":[182,190,218,226],"more":[183],"98%":[185],"increases":[187,223],"up":[191,227],"times":[194,230],"compared":[195,231],"with":[196,202,232],"existing":[197],"NAPI":[198],"Open":[200],"vSwitch":[201],"Data":[204],"Plane":[205],"Development":[206],"Kit":[207],"(OvS-DPDK).":[208],"21%":[219],"96%":[221],"1.28":[229],"NAPI.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
