{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394627855","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1587/elex.21.20240085","title":"A high-linear PLL-based FMCW frequency synthesizer with 42-kHz rms FM error and 1.2-GHz chirp bandwidth","display_name":"A high-linear PLL-based FMCW frequency synthesizer with 42-kHz rms FM error and 1.2-GHz chirp bandwidth","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394627855","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1587/elex.21.20240085"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1587/elex.21.20240085","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/elex.21.20240085","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/elex/advpub/0/advpub_21.20240085/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207433681","display_name":"IEICE Electronics Express","issn_l":"1349-2543","issn":["1349-2543","1349-9467"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Electronics Express","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/elex/advpub/0/advpub_21.20240085/_pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101406189","display_name":"Zitong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9447-0577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zitong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021211048","display_name":"Yuri Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5445-5885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuri Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035418994","display_name":"Xiao\u2010Yuan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6301-7721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyuan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016662969","display_name":"Hao Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7193-7939"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112629360","display_name":"Chunqi Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunqi Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012401090","display_name":"Leilei Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8900-4109"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leilei Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101778127","display_name":"Jinghong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7428-9359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinghong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050153851","display_name":"Runxi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1459-5362"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Runxi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03019852,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"10","first_page":"20240085","last_page":"20240085"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9815999865531921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chirp","display_name":"Chirp","score":0.8531903028488159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-synthesizer","display_name":"Frequency synthesizer","score":0.6676214337348938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.6265424489974976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.6084168553352356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4203202724456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3313502371311188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2702578604221344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.21889200806617737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.17889845371246338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17496970295906067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15928366780281067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.05124315619468689}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132794960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27304","display_name":"Chirp","level":3,"score":0.8531903028488159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182099602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2660678","display_name":"Frequency synthesizer","level":4,"score":0.6676214337348938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6265424489974976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.6084168553352356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4203202724456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3313502371311188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2702578604221344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.21889200806617737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.17889845371246338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17496970295906067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15928366780281067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.05124315619468689}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1587/elex.21.20240085","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/elex.21.20240085","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/elex/advpub/0/advpub_21.20240085/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207433681","display_name":"IEICE Electronics Express","issn_l":"1349-2543","issn":["1349-2543","1349-9467"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Electronics Express","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1587/elex.21.20240085","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/elex.21.20240085","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/elex/advpub/0/advpub_21.20240085/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207433681","display_name":"IEICE Electronics Express","issn_l":"1349-2543","issn":["1349-2543","1349-9467"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Electronics Express","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394627855.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394627855.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2032288309","https://openalex.org/W2034290464","https://openalex.org/W2043250436","https://openalex.org/W2050982928","https://openalex.org/W2113618565","https://openalex.org/W2136651669","https://openalex.org/W2169400784","https://openalex.org/W2180930247","https://openalex.org/W2288752606","https://openalex.org/W2289520113","https://openalex.org/W2471244034","https://openalex.org/W2565221490","https://openalex.org/W2742862254","https://openalex.org/W2776417308","https://openalex.org/W2782009578","https://openalex.org/W2789350381","https://openalex.org/W2789364534","https://openalex.org/W2894291793","https://openalex.org/W2904025646","https://openalex.org/W2904876114","https://openalex.org/W2947967997","https://openalex.org/W2972117745","https://openalex.org/W2981556216","https://openalex.org/W3015241440","https://openalex.org/W3030353383","https://openalex.org/W3046112787","https://openalex.org/W3159008830","https://openalex.org/W3184199761","https://openalex.org/W3211374344","https://openalex.org/W4206094072","https://openalex.org/W4226462319","https://openalex.org/W4285295769","https://openalex.org/W4312035975","https://openalex.org/W4312782237"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2359366503","https://openalex.org/W2330020385","https://openalex.org/W2371350995","https://openalex.org/W2161157531","https://openalex.org/W2350523680","https://openalex.org/W1973484824","https://openalex.org/W2376731877","https://openalex.org/W3145870900","https://openalex.org/W2375072050","https://openalex.org/W2353586717"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,32,77,113,117,130],"high-linear":[4],"phase-locked-loop-based":[5],"(PLL-based)":[6],"frequency-modulated":[7],"continuous-wave":[8],"(FMCW)":[9],"frequency":[10,34],"synthesizer":[11,74,111],"for":[12],"77GHz":[13,72],"automotive":[14],"radar":[15],"applications.":[16],"A":[17,81],"behavioral":[18,62],"model":[19,56,63],"of":[20,42,53,70,122,125,137],"the":[21,27,40,43,51,54,68,71,91,110,126],"rms":[22,119],"FM":[23,120],"error":[24,121],"by":[25],"constructing":[26],"PLL":[28,100],"transient":[29],"response":[30],"under":[31,129],"unit":[33],"step":[35],"and":[36,143,153],"taking":[37],"into":[38],"account":[39],"slope":[41,133],"chirp":[44,59,104,115,127,132],"signal":[45],"is":[46,64,86],"developed.":[47],"Simulation":[48],"results":[49,107],"demonstrate":[50],"effectiveness":[52],"proposed":[55],"in":[57,76],"optimizing":[58],"linearity.":[60,105],"The":[61,139],"used":[65],"to":[66,89,97,149],"facilitate":[67],"design":[69],"FMCW":[73],"fabricated":[75],"55nm":[78],"CMOS":[79],"process.":[80],"gain":[82,95],"linearized":[83],"varactor":[84],"approach":[85],"also":[87],"developed":[88],"linearize":[90],"voltage-controlled":[92],"oscillator":[93],"(VCO)":[94],"(KVCO)":[96],"ensure":[98],"constant":[99],"bandwidth":[101],"maintaining":[102],"optimum":[103],"Measurement":[106],"show":[108],"that":[109],"achieves":[112],"1.2GHz":[114],"bandwidth,":[116],"minimum":[118],"42kHz":[123],"(0.0035%":[124],"bandwidth)":[128],"4.219MHz/\u00b5s":[131],"while":[134],"consuming":[135],"74.6mW":[136],"power.":[138],"measured":[140],"integer-N":[141],"mode":[142,145],"fractional-N":[144],"phase":[146],"noises":[147],"normalized":[148],"78GHz":[150],"are":[151],"-81.6dBc/Hz":[152],"-80.1dBc/Hz":[154],"at":[155],"1MHz":[156],"offset,":[157],"respectively.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}