{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3044788487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1587/elex.17.20202001","title":"Predictable and unpredictable phenomena in optical fibers for space-division/mode-division multiplexing transmission: statistical analysis of coupling and mysterious behavior of modes","display_name":"Predictable and unpredictable phenomena in optical fibers for space-division/mode-division multiplexing transmission: statistical analysis of coupling and mysterious behavior of modes","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3044788487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1587/elex.17.20202001","mag":"3044788487"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1587/elex.17.20202001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/elex.17.20202001","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/elex/17/15/17_17.20202001/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207433681","display_name":"IEICE Electronics Express","issn_l":"1349-2543","issn":["1349-2543","1349-9467"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Electronics Express","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/elex/17/15/17_17.20202001/_pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058814364","display_name":"Yasuo Kokubun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3448-4870"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184937672","display_name":"Chubu University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sps0775","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184937672"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasuo Kokubun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chubu University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chubu University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184937672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108440373","display_name":"Masanori Koshiba","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masanori Koshiba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hokkaido University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hokkaido University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3122,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56997912,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"15","first_page":"20202001","last_page":"20202001"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.6780684590339661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.655049204826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.6523616313934326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demultiplexer","display_name":"Demultiplexer","score":0.5300868153572083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crosstalk","display_name":"Crosstalk","score":0.45885801315307617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Time-division multiplexing","score":0.4554479122161865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.41526609659194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexer","display_name":"Multiplexer","score":0.11300206184387207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.08719348907470703}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.6780684590339661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.655049204826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.6523616313934326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74819829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5256428","display_name":"Demultiplexer","level":4,"score":0.5300868153572083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169822122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230187","display_name":"Crosstalk","level":2,"score":0.45885801315307617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50661577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901831","display_name":"Time-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.4554479122161865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.41526609659194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70970002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189434","display_name":"Multiplexer","level":3,"score":0.11300206184387207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.08719348907470703}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1587/elex.17.20202001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/elex.17.20202001","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/elex/17/15/17_17.20202001/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207433681","display_name":"IEICE Electronics Express","issn_l":"1349-2543","issn":["1349-2543","1349-9467"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Electronics Express","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1587/elex.17.20202001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/elex.17.20202001","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/elex/17/15/17_17.20202001/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207433681","display_name":"IEICE Electronics Express","issn_l":"1349-2543","issn":["1349-2543","1349-9467"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Electronics Express","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3044788487.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W165115065","https://openalex.org/W1492043351","https://openalex.org/W1578004187","https://openalex.org/W1868333577","https://openalex.org/W1972285504","https://openalex.org/W1976256617","https://openalex.org/W1983554211","https://openalex.org/W1988224581","https://openalex.org/W1990993574","https://openalex.org/W1991042177","https://openalex.org/W1997608286","https://openalex.org/W2001752024","https://openalex.org/W2004153020","https://openalex.org/W2010791822","https://openalex.org/W2024734711","https://openalex.org/W2026867111","https://openalex.org/W2029908545","https://openalex.org/W2044613023","https://openalex.org/W2044912337","https://openalex.org/W2055173151","https://openalex.org/W2055615986","https://openalex.org/W2058874588","https://openalex.org/W2066697155","https://openalex.org/W2069702378","https://openalex.org/W2073877682","https://openalex.org/W2077876775","https://openalex.org/W2097153927","https://openalex.org/W2102409945","https://openalex.org/W2105218952","https://openalex.org/W2108666575","https://openalex.org/W2127499937","https://openalex.org/W2128872803","https://openalex.org/W2131806627","https://openalex.org/W2133401839","https://openalex.org/W2138989579","https://openalex.org/W2145988322","https://openalex.org/W2157271858","https://openalex.org/W2170798091","https://openalex.org/W2186736691","https://openalex.org/W2203777352","https://openalex.org/W2320734027","https://openalex.org/W2330279359","https://openalex.org/W2508335770","https://openalex.org/W2533732197","https://openalex.org/W2536439125","https://openalex.org/W2546673883","https://openalex.org/W2594296300","https://openalex.org/W2610652026","https://openalex.org/W2611999126","https://openalex.org/W2752804809","https://openalex.org/W2801851936","https://openalex.org/W2884489076","https://openalex.org/W2897831710","https://openalex.org/W2900502137","https://openalex.org/W2952650741","https://openalex.org/W4241624517"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2351255545","https://openalex.org/W2783885814","https://openalex.org/W2060467209","https://openalex.org/W2139960661","https://openalex.org/W2890723810","https://openalex.org/W2039899645","https://openalex.org/W3037259726","https://openalex.org/W2028910414","https://openalex.org/W4233510838","https://openalex.org/W431360389"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,179],"transmission":[1,38,74,143,286],"capacity":[2,32],"of":[3,11,125,136,162,181,204,213,215,250,284,291,307,363,373],"single-mode":[4,68,184,324,366],"single-core":[5],"fibers":[6,170,177],"is":[7,64,138,186,217,228,238,252,334],"approaching":[8],"the":[9,19,24,30,37,71,78,86,89,103,109,115,118,123,134,146,151,158,195,202,205,208,211,221,225,230,247,255,260,271,277,285,289,298,311,318,329,337,349,360,370],"limit":[10,23],"about":[12],"100":[13],"Tbps":[14],"owing":[15],"to":[16,188],"nonlinearity":[17],"and":[18,34,47,54,132,148,160,172,194,288,300,368],"fiber":[20],"fuse,":[21],"which":[22],"input":[25,79,226],"signal":[26,80,90,99,112,279,312,320],"power.":[27],"To":[28,140],"avoid":[29],"so-called":[31],"crunch":[33],"dramatically":[35],"increase":[36],"capacity,":[39],"a":[40,61,142,241,265],"new":[41,58],"approach":[42],"utilizing":[43],"space-division":[44],"multiplexing":[45,49,59],"(SDM)":[46],"mode-division":[48],"(MDM)":[50],"has":[51],"been":[52],"proposed":[53],"demonstrated.":[55],"In":[56,245,274,305,355],"these":[57,308],"technologies,":[60,150],"problem":[62,116],"that":[63,117,328],"unprecedented":[65],"in":[66,129,166,173,183,323,336,348,365,375],"conventional":[67,242,261,272],"fibers,":[69],"namely,":[70],"crosstalk":[72,152,163,182,214,282,292,299,364,374],"between":[73],"channels,":[75],"arises.":[76],"Although":[77],"channels":[81,126,137],"are":[82,164,303],"mixed":[83],"through":[84],"at":[85,102,224],"output":[87,104],"end,":[88],"channel":[91,313],"can":[92,197,314],"be":[93,154,198,294,315],"identified":[94,316],"using":[95,108,145,168,175,240,317,332],"multiple-input":[96],"multiple-output":[97],"(MIMO)":[98],"processing":[100,113,321],"technology":[101,331],"end.":[105],"However,":[106,157],"even":[107],"MIMO":[110,319],"digital":[111],"technology,":[114],"computation":[119],"time":[120],"increases":[121],"with":[122],"number":[124,135],"remains,":[127],"resulting":[128],"increased":[130],"latency,":[131],"so":[133],"limited.":[139],"design":[141],"system":[144,196],"SDM":[147,167],"MDM":[149,174,330],"should":[153],"analyzed":[155,295],"precisely.":[156],"origin":[159],"behavior":[161,180,212,302,362,372],"different":[165],"multicore":[169],"(MCFs)":[171],"few-mode":[176],"(FMFs).":[178],"MCFs":[185,367],"predictable":[187,361],"some":[189],"extent":[190],"by":[191,200,259],"statistical":[192],"analysis,":[193],"designed":[199],"considering":[201],"results":[203],"analysis.":[206],"On":[207],"other":[209,275],"hand,":[210],"FMFs":[216,251,333],"less":[218],"predictable.":[219],"Since":[220],"mode":[222,232,236,243,257],"launched":[223],"end":[227],"not":[229,253],"eigenmode,":[231],"discrimination":[233],"or":[234,339,351],"accurate":[235],"demultiplexing":[237],"difficult":[239],"demultiplexer.":[244],"addition,":[246],"eigenmode":[248],"itself":[249],"always":[254,280],"hybrid":[256],"predicted":[258],"theory":[262],"but":[263,343],"sometimes":[264],"linearly":[266],"polarized":[267],"(LP)":[268],"mode,":[269],"contradicting":[270],"theory.":[273],"words,":[276],"demultiplexed":[278],"involves":[281,345],"regardless":[283],"distance,":[287],"quantity":[290],"cannot":[293],"statistically.":[296],"Therefore,":[297],"its":[301],"unpredictable.":[304],"spite":[306],"unpredictable":[309,371],"phenomena,":[310],"as":[322],"MCFs.":[325],"This":[326],"means":[327],"established":[335],"engineering":[338],"inductive":[340],"logic":[341,353],"sense,":[342],"still":[344],"unexplained":[346],"phenomena":[347],"scientific":[350],"deductive":[352],"sense.":[354],"this":[356],"review,":[357],"we":[358],"discuss":[359],"also":[369],"FMFs.":[376]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}