{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3025185040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1587/elex.17.20200152","title":"Geiger-mode three-dimensional image sensor for eye-safe flash LIDAR","display_name":"Geiger-mode three-dimensional image sensor for eye-safe flash LIDAR","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3025185040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1587/elex.17.20200152","mag":"3025185040"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1587/elex.17.20200152","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/elex.17.20200152","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/elex/17/11/17_17.20200152/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207433681","display_name":"IEICE Electronics Express","issn_l":"1349-2543","issn":["1349-2543","1349-9467"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Electronics Express","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/elex/17/11/17_17.20200152/_pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049914036","display_name":"Takahide Mizuno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2494-5319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800865746","display_name":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/059yhyy33","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800865746"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200475212","display_name":"The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI","ror":"https://ror.org/0516ah480","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200475212"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Takahide Mizuno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency","The Graduate University for Advanced Studies"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800865746"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Graduate University for Advanced Studies","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200475212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103905530","display_name":"Hirokazu Ikeda","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800865746","display_name":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/059yhyy33","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800865746"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hirokazu Ikeda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800865746"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112223693","display_name":"Kenji Makino","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145887","display_name":"Hamamatsu Photonics (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/04nb6x947","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150993360","https://openalex.org/I4210145887"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenji Makino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hamamatsu Photonics K.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hamamatsu Photonics K.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145887"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039691635","display_name":"Yusei Tamura","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145887","display_name":"Hamamatsu Photonics (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/04nb6x947","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150993360","https://openalex.org/I4210145887"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yusei Tamura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hamamatsu Photonics K.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hamamatsu Photonics K.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145887"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108700044","display_name":"Yoshihito SUZUKI","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145887","display_name":"Hamamatsu Photonics (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/04nb6x947","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150993360","https://openalex.org/I4210145887"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoshihito Suzuki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hamamatsu Photonics K.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hamamatsu Photonics K.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145887"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078846466","display_name":"Takashi Baba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7318-9420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145887","display_name":"Hamamatsu Photonics (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/04nb6x947","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150993360","https://openalex.org/I4210145887"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takashi Baba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hamamatsu Photonics K.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hamamatsu Photonics K.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145887"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074777173","display_name":"S. Adachi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0400-7555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145887","display_name":"Hamamatsu Photonics (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/04nb6x947","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150993360","https://openalex.org/I4210145887"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shunsuke Adachi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hamamatsu Photonics K.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hamamatsu Photonics K.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145887"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005876841","display_name":"Tatsuya Hashi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145887","display_name":"Hamamatsu Photonics (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/04nb6x947","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150993360","https://openalex.org/I4210145887"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tatsuya Hashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hamamatsu Photonics K.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hamamatsu Photonics K.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145887"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108466584","display_name":"Makoto Mita","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800865746","display_name":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/059yhyy33","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800865746"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Makoto Mita","raw_affiliation_strings":["Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800865746"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086552977","display_name":"Yuya Mimasu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7181-3522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800865746","display_name":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/059yhyy33","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800865746"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuya Mimasu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800865746"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100919321","display_name":"Takeshi Hoshino","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800865746","display_name":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/059yhyy33","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800865746"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takeshi Hoshino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800865746"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049914036"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200475212","https://openalex.org/I2800865746"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6707,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91728312,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"11","first_page":"20200152","last_page":"20200152"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13418","display_name":"Photocathodes and Microchannel Plates","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avalanche-photodiode","display_name":"Avalanche photodiode","score":0.5885145664215088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geiger-counter","display_name":"Geiger counter","score":0.5842039585113525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sensor","display_name":"Image sensor","score":0.5743660926818848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5714167356491089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.5436829924583435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photon-counting","display_name":"Photon counting","score":0.5188354253768921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.4935706853866577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","score":0.484418660402298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4790010154247284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.47424712777137756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.47092288732528687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4187382459640503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.3302555978298187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3274380564689636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.24524104595184326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1966688334941864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17341366410255432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.15490010380744934}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109679912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175932","display_name":"Avalanche photodiode","level":3,"score":0.5885145664215088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88033656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48171","display_name":"Geiger counter","level":2,"score":0.5842039585113525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76935873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Image sensor","level":2,"score":0.5743660926818848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5714167356491089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.5436829924583435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781402376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126172","display_name":"Photon counting","level":3,"score":0.5188354253768921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.4935706853866577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.484418660402298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4790010154247284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.47424712777137756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.47092288732528687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4187382459640503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.3302555978298187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3274380564689636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.24524104595184326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1966688334941864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17341366410255432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.15490010380744934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1587/elex.17.20200152","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/elex.17.20200152","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/elex/17/11/17_17.20200152/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207433681","display_name":"IEICE Electronics Express","issn_l":"1349-2543","issn":["1349-2543","1349-9467"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Electronics Express","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1587/elex.17.20200152","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/elex.17.20200152","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/elex/17/11/17_17.20200152/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207433681","display_name":"IEICE Electronics Express","issn_l":"1349-2543","issn":["1349-2543","1349-9467"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Electronics Express","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4611969921","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334789","funder_display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4864544293","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Japan","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334789","funder_display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7485138276","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334789","funder_display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334789","display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/00097mb19"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338245","display_name":"Support Program for Starting up Innovation Hub","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3025185040.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3025185040.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W642394774","https://openalex.org/W826251695","https://openalex.org/W1963740313","https://openalex.org/W1969701110","https://openalex.org/W2003877155","https://openalex.org/W2014146547","https://openalex.org/W2030394269","https://openalex.org/W2034357162","https://openalex.org/W2047040152","https://openalex.org/W2054670503","https://openalex.org/W2060872525","https://openalex.org/W2066785256","https://openalex.org/W2085456413","https://openalex.org/W2092261485","https://openalex.org/W2096036805","https://openalex.org/W2103600619","https://openalex.org/W2169314087","https://openalex.org/W2283263990","https://openalex.org/W2313800617","https://openalex.org/W2319655439","https://openalex.org/W2515656370","https://openalex.org/W2564823638","https://openalex.org/W2604119973","https://openalex.org/W2604139401","https://openalex.org/W2762897752","https://openalex.org/W2785278611","https://openalex.org/W2790070598","https://openalex.org/W2883213967","https://openalex.org/W3009299568","https://openalex.org/W3157800208"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1550488200","https://openalex.org/W2013527645","https://openalex.org/W2491704306","https://openalex.org/W2102373714","https://openalex.org/W2021007090","https://openalex.org/W2066287359","https://openalex.org/W1989987871","https://openalex.org/W1992737278","https://openalex.org/W2122460126","https://openalex.org/W2010143962"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Explorers":[0],"attempting":[1],"to":[2,15,29],"land":[3],"on":[4,32],"a":[5,46],"lunar":[6],"or":[7],"planetary":[8],"surface":[9],"must":[10],"use":[11],"three-dimensional":[12,51],"image":[13,52],"sensors":[14,26],"measure":[16],"landing":[17],"site":[18],"topography":[19],"for":[20,24,38,73],"obstacle":[21],"avoidance.":[22],"Requirements":[23],"such":[25],"are":[27],"similar":[28],"those":[30],"mounted":[31],"vehicles":[33],"and":[34,69,75],"include":[35],"the":[36],"need":[37],"time":[39],"synchronization":[40],"within":[41],"one":[42],"frame.":[43],"We":[44],"introduce":[45],"1K":[47],"(32":[48],"\u00d7":[49],"32)-pixel":[50],"sensor":[53],"using":[54],"an":[55],"array":[56],"of":[57,63],"InGaAs":[58],"Geiger-mode":[59],"avalanche":[60],"photodiodes":[61],"capable":[62],"photon":[64],"counting":[65],"in":[66],"eye-safe":[67],"bands":[68],"present":[70],"evaluation":[71],"results":[72],"sensitivity":[74],"resolution.":[76]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-14T08:43:22.919905","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
