{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2003512468","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1587/elex.10.20130787","title":"A 54-mw 3\u00d7-real-time 60-kword continuous speech recognition processor VLSI","display_name":"A 54-mw 3\u00d7-real-time 60-kword continuous speech recognition processor VLSI","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2003512468","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1587/elex.10.20130787","mag":"2003512468"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1587/elex.10.20130787","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/elex.10.20130787","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/elex/11/2/11_10.20130787/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207433681","display_name":"IEICE Electronics Express","issn_l":"1349-2543","issn":["1349-2543","1349-9467"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Electronics Express","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/elex/11/2/11_10.20130787/_pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023880467","display_name":"Guangji He","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65837984","display_name":"Kobe University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tgsfw79","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65837984"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guangji He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Science, Kobe University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science, Kobe University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65837984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110526165","display_name":"Yuki Miyamoto","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65837984","display_name":"Kobe University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tgsfw79","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65837984"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuki Miyamoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Science, Kobe University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science, Kobe University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65837984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020790454","display_name":"Kumpei Matsuda","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65837984","display_name":"Kobe University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tgsfw79","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65837984"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kumpei Matsuda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Science, Kobe University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science, Kobe University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65837984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078377315","display_name":"Shintaro Izumi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8336-2220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65837984","display_name":"Kobe University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tgsfw79","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65837984"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shintaro Izumi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Science, Kobe University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science, Kobe University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65837984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052940529","display_name":"Hiroshi Kawaguchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8677-4733"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65837984","display_name":"Kobe University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tgsfw79","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65837984"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroshi Kawaguchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Science, Kobe University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science, Kobe University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65837984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110454295","display_name":"Masahiko Yoshimoto","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65837984","display_name":"Kobe University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tgsfw79","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65837984"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masahiko Yoshimoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Science, Kobe University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science, Kobe University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65837984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023880467"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65837984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.07758236,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"2","first_page":"20130787","last_page":"20130787"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.984000027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9832000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8231407403945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bigram","display_name":"Bigram","score":0.7679501175880432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viterbi-algorithm","display_name":"Viterbi algorithm","score":0.6109622120857239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trigram","display_name":"Trigram","score":0.5983564257621765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/very-large-scale-integration","display_name":"Very-large-scale integration","score":0.5847939252853394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5459775328636169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-rate","display_name":"Clock rate","score":0.5454282760620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.5125348567962646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.49511590600013733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache","display_name":"Cache","score":0.45400428771972656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4515381157398224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.43647074699401855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-path-method","display_name":"Critical path method","score":0.4338650703430176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3791311979293823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.37218740582466125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.2780739367008209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.2743506133556366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.11731758713722229}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8231407403945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108757681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2773912","display_name":"Bigram","level":3,"score":0.7679501175880432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60582962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83886","display_name":"Viterbi algorithm","level":3,"score":0.6109622120857239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137546455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3213474","display_name":"Trigram","level":2,"score":0.5983564257621765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14580979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876049","display_name":"Very-large-scale integration","level":2,"score":0.5847939252853394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5459775328636169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178693496","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911691","display_name":"Clock rate","level":3,"score":0.5454282760620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.5125348567962646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.49511590600013733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115537543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165596","display_name":"Cache","level":2,"score":0.45400428771972656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4515381157398224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.43647074699401855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115874739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q825377","display_name":"Critical path method","level":2,"score":0.4338650703430176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3791311979293823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.37218740582466125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.2780739367008209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2743506133556366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.11731758713722229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1587/elex.10.20130787","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/elex.10.20130787","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/elex/11/2/11_10.20130787/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207433681","display_name":"IEICE Electronics Express","issn_l":"1349-2543","issn":["1349-2543","1349-9467"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Electronics Express","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1587/elex.10.20130787","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1587/elex.10.20130787","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/elex/11/2/11_10.20130787/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207433681","display_name":"IEICE Electronics Express","issn_l":"1349-2543","issn":["1349-2543","1349-9467"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Electronics Express","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6200000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321679","display_name":"Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry","ror":"https://ror.org/055tm7f07"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322832","display_name":"University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2003512468.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2003512468.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W424040755","https://openalex.org/W1502984613","https://openalex.org/W1980716861","https://openalex.org/W2014119984","https://openalex.org/W2034597889","https://openalex.org/W2041414040","https://openalex.org/W2133131244"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011383762","https://openalex.org/W4327499987","https://openalex.org/W2048414027","https://openalex.org/W3173084154","https://openalex.org/W2940857995","https://openalex.org/W2940684586","https://openalex.org/W2397861987","https://openalex.org/W2809276897","https://openalex.org/W353876725","https://openalex.org/W3014921584"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,86],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"a":[3,27],"low-power":[4],"VLSI":[5],"chip":[6,87],"for":[7,19,53,75],"speaker-independent":[8],"60-kWord":[9],"continuous":[10,78],"speech":[11,79],"recognition.":[12],"We":[13],"implement":[14],"parallel":[15],"and":[16,22,37,69,92,103],"pipelined":[17],"architecture":[18,31,50],"GMM":[20],"computation":[21],"Viterbi":[23,29],"processing.":[24],"It":[25],"includes":[26],"8-path":[28],"transition":[30],"to":[32,42,82],"maximize":[33],"the":[34,44,54,83,101],"processing":[35],"speed":[36],"adopts":[38],"tri-gram":[39],"language":[40,105],"model":[41],"improve":[43],"recognition":[45,80],"accuracy.":[46],"A":[47],"two-level":[48],"cache":[49],"is":[51],"implemented":[52],"demo":[55],"system.":[56],"Measured":[57],"results":[58],"show":[59],"that":[60],"our":[61],"implementation":[62],"achieves":[63],"25%":[64],"required":[65],"frequency":[66],"reduction":[67,73],"(62.5MHz)":[68],"26%":[70],"power":[71],"consumption":[72],"(54.8mW)":[74],"60k-Word":[76],"real-time":[77,97],"compared":[81],"previous":[84],"work.":[85],"can":[88],"maximally":[89],"process":[90],"3.02\u00d7":[91],"2.25\u00d7":[93],"times":[94],"faster":[95],"than":[96],"at":[98],"200MHz":[99],"using":[100],"bigram":[102],"trigram":[104],"models,":[106],"respectively.":[107]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
