{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4229856339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1561/2300000052","title":"A Survey of Methods for Safe Human-Robot Interaction","display_name":"A Survey of Methods for Safe Human-Robot Interaction","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-05-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4229856339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1561/2300000052"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1561/2300000052","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1561/2300000052","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43319301","display_name":"Foundations and Trends in Robotics","issn_l":"1935-8253","issn":["1935-8253","1935-8261"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318575","host_organization_name":"Now Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318575"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Now Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Foundations and Trends\u00ae in Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083065389","display_name":"Przemyslaw A. Lasota","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1761-221X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Przemyslaw A. Lasota","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology ,","Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028480779","display_name":"Terrence Fong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280536761","display_name":"Ames Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02acart68","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Terrence Fong","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Ames Research Center ,","NASA Ames Research Center, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Ames Research Center ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Ames Research Center, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044369720","display_name":"Julie Shah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1338-8107"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julie A. Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology ,","Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083065389"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":34.4445,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":365,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99865131,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"4","first_page":"261","last_page":"349"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.8967000246047974,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.8967000246047974,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013robot-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","score":0.5289530754089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5175877809524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.505744218826294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.47987499833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3485366702079773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.32737696170806885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145460709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859951","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","level":3,"score":0.5289530754089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5175877809524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.505744218826294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.47987499833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3485366702079773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.32737696170806885}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1561/2300000052","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1561/2300000052","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43319301","display_name":"Foundations and Trends in Robotics","issn_l":"1935-8253","issn":["1935-8253","1935-8261"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318575","host_organization_name":"Now Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318575"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Now Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Foundations and Trends\u00ae in Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W55150475","https://openalex.org/W630739203","https://openalex.org/W1504905707","https://openalex.org/W1528932438","https://openalex.org/W1545884927","https://openalex.org/W1567202646","https://openalex.org/W1581800915","https://openalex.org/W1938096026","https://openalex.org/W1962965017","https://openalex.org/W1964751118","https://openalex.org/W1968566124","https://openalex.org/W1976857135","https://openalex.org/W1982835526","https://openalex.org/W1984170582","https://openalex.org/W1987900808","https://openalex.org/W1993925701","https://openalex.org/W1997715798","https://openalex.org/W1999633780","https://openalex.org/W2002281437","https://openalex.org/W2015016121","https://openalex.org/W2024479254","https://openalex.org/W2026523445","https://openalex.org/W2032568497","https://openalex.org/W2033709107","https://openalex.org/W2038485832","https://openalex.org/W2043761005","https://openalex.org/W2046213647","https://openalex.org/W2056149177","https://openalex.org/W2058852081","https://openalex.org/W2060100157","https://openalex.org/W2061369443","https://openalex.org/W2065804258","https://openalex.org/W2068577042","https://openalex.org/W2073136132","https://openalex.org/W2075577325","https://openalex.org/W2088604406","https://openalex.org/W2093655440","https://openalex.org/W2093989592","https://openalex.org/W2097404405","https://openalex.org/W2099019320","https://openalex.org/W2100470760","https://openalex.org/W2103120971","https://openalex.org/W2109590511","https://openalex.org/W2110022606","https://openalex.org/W2116139612","https://openalex.org/W2116411037","https://openalex.org/W2140947152","https://openalex.org/W2143936212","https://openalex.org/W2162130878","https://openalex.org/W2169100281","https://openalex.org/W2170679598","https://openalex.org/W2274524839","https://openalex.org/W2293288132","https://openalex.org/W2296494999","https://openalex.org/W2335422614","https://openalex.org/W2337392266","https://openalex.org/W2343872196","https://openalex.org/W4240940430"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ensuring":[0],"human":[1],"safety":[2,79,92],"is":[3],"one":[4],"of":[5,13,74,77,86,100,146,158,170],"the":[6,11,131,147,156,168,176],"most":[7],"important":[8],"considerations":[9],"within":[10,29,175],"field":[12],"human-robot":[14],"interaction":[15],"(HRI).":[16],"This":[17],"does":[18],"not":[19],"simply":[20],"involve":[21],"preventing":[22],"collisions":[23],"between":[24],"humans":[25],"and":[26,70,98,114,134,155],"robots":[27],"operating":[28],"a":[30,45,72],"shared":[31],"space;":[32],"we":[33,64,149],"must":[34],"consider":[35],"all":[36],"possible":[37],"ways":[38],"in":[39,107,130],"which":[40],"harm":[41],"could":[42],"come":[43],"to":[44,51,122,151],"person,":[46],"ranging":[47],"from":[48,56],"physical":[49],"contact":[50],"adverse":[52],"psychological":[53,101],"effects":[54],"resulting":[55],"unpleasant":[57],"or":[58],"dangerous":[59],"interaction.":[60],"In":[61],"this":[62,84],"work,":[63],"define":[65],"what":[66],"safe":[67,162],"HRI":[68,124,177],"entails":[69],"present":[71],"survey":[73],"potential":[75],"methods":[76,118],"ensuring":[78],"during":[80],"HRI.":[81],"We":[82,103,126],"classify":[83],"collection":[85],"work":[87,106],"into":[88],"four":[89],"major":[90,109],"categories:":[91],"through":[93],"control,":[94],"motion":[95],"planning,":[96],"prediction,":[97],"consideration":[99],"factors.":[102],"discuss":[104,115,128],"recent":[105],"each":[108],"category,":[110],"identify":[111],"various":[112],"sub-categories":[113],"how":[116],"these":[117,171],"can":[119],"be":[120],"utilized":[121],"improve":[123],"safety.":[125],"then":[127],"gaps":[129],"current":[132],"literature":[133],"suggest":[135],"future":[136,153],"directions":[137],"for":[138,161],"additional":[139],"work.":[140],"By":[141],"creating":[142],"an":[143],"organized":[144],"categorization":[145],"field,":[148],"hope":[150],"support":[152],"research":[154],"development":[157],"new":[159],"technologies":[160],"HRI,":[163],"as":[164,166],"well":[165],"facilitate":[167],"use":[169],"techniques":[172],"by":[173],"researchers":[174],"community.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":52},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-26T08:31:28.666265","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
