{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206671592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1561/1500000040","title":"Search Result Diversification","display_name":"Search Result Diversification","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-03-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206671592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1561/1500000040"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1561/1500000040","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1561/1500000040","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197106261","display_name":"Foundations and Trends\u00ae in Information Retrieval","issn_l":"1554-0669","issn":["1554-0669","1554-0677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318575","host_organization_name":"Now Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318575"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Now Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Foundations and Trends\u00ae in Information Retrieval","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025385531","display_name":"Rodrygo L. T. Santos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2921-8444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110200422","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","ror":"https://ror.org/0176yjw32","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110200422"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rodrygo L. T. Santos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110200422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057643560","display_name":"Craig Macdonald","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3143-279X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Craig Macdonald","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Science University of Glasgow","University of Glasgow, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Science University of Glasgow","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079046603","display_name":"Iadh Ounis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4701-3223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iadh Ounis","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Science University of Glasgow","University of Glasgow, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Science University of Glasgow","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025385531"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110200422"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.1392,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":118,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9929908,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"90"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9297999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9297999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversification","display_name":"Diversification (marketing strategy)","score":0.6571308970451355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.44283249974250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.15921178460121155}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180916674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3711935","display_name":"Diversification (marketing strategy)","level":2,"score":0.6571308970451355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.44283249974250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.15921178460121155}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1561/1500000040","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1561/1500000040","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197106261","display_name":"Foundations and Trends\u00ae in Information Retrieval","issn_l":"1554-0669","issn":["1554-0669","1554-0677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318575","host_organization_name":"Now Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318575"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Now Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Foundations and Trends\u00ae in Information Retrieval","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:112535","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Articles"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":177,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22376524","https://openalex.org/W75672826","https://openalex.org/W94637519","https://openalex.org/W96949676","https://openalex.org/W107810311","https://openalex.org/W131411689","https://openalex.org/W157450042","https://openalex.org/W186077783","https://openalex.org/W299870200","https://openalex.org/W1498594556","https://openalex.org/W1504598460","https://openalex.org/W1507059020","https://openalex.org/W1513915383","https://openalex.org/W1518829424","https://openalex.org/W1521737429","https://openalex.org/W1532409436","https://openalex.org/W1546477643","https://openalex.org/W1551409364","https://openalex.org/W1564094940","https://openalex.org/W1593916827","https://openalex.org/W1596778099","https://openalex.org/W1597703625","https://openalex.org/W1604621732","https://openalex.org/W1660390307","https://openalex.org/W1678356000","https://openalex.org/W1680189815","https://openalex.org/W1708482005","https://openalex.org/W1776265914","https://openalex.org/W1780272748","https://openalex.org/W1965690069","https://openalex.org/W1966462845","https://openalex.org/W1967676648","https://openalex.org/W1968413755","https://openalex.org/W1968518318","https://openalex.org/W1968528267","https://openalex.org/W1968927634","https://openalex.org/W1969118846","https://openalex.org/W1972645849","https://openalex.org/W1975915866","https://openalex.org/W1980730196","https://openalex.org/W1982889956","https://openalex.org/W1985652201","https://openalex.org/W1985790259","https://openalex.org/W1987938088","https://openalex.org/W1988619666","https://openalex.org/W1990313671","https://openalex.org/W1992549066","https://openalex.org/W1993320088","https://openalex.org/W1995167642","https://openalex.org/W1997983566","https://openalex.org/W1999892400","https://openalex.org/W2001306626","https://openalex.org/W2001664274","https://openalex.org/W2002379171","https://openalex.org/W2004737172","https://openalex.org/W2012652795","https://openalex.org/W2016089260","https://openalex.org/W2018838261","https://openalex.org/W2020313144","https://openalex.org/W2022995284","https://openalex.org/W2023188792","https://openalex.org/W2023599408","https://openalex.org/W2025330007","https://openalex.org/W2025924556","https://openalex.org/W2026430213","https://openalex.org/W2026439336","https://openalex.org/W2026893190","https://openalex.org/W2026937586","https://openalex.org/W2029006249","https://openalex.org/W2030603245","https://openalex.org/W2036203081","https://openalex.org/W2037022968","https://openalex.org/W2037140704","https://openalex.org/W2041369648","https://openalex.org/W2041563865","https://openalex.org/W2043257601","https://openalex.org/W2043909051","https://openalex.org/W2044815816","https://openalex.org/W2046166484","https://openalex.org/W2047804176","https://openalex.org/W2048045485","https://openalex.org/W2053182313","https://openalex.org/W2058896506","https://openalex.org/W2060796982","https://openalex.org/W2065915861","https://openalex.org/W2069870183","https://openalex.org/W2070030493","https://openalex.org/W2070983861","https://openalex.org/W2073379201","https://openalex.org/W2073853190","https://openalex.org/W2075333684","https://openalex.org/W2075893676","https://openalex.org/W2078396654","https://openalex.org/W2078446268","https://openalex.org/W2080068076","https://openalex.org/W2080379754","https://openalex.org/W2080825533","https://openalex.org/W2081983182","https://openalex.org/W2082055394","https://openalex.org/W2082729696","https://openalex.org/W2085030399","https://openalex.org/W2088121730","https://openalex.org/W2088733495","https://openalex.org/W2090279081","https://openalex.org/W2093495945","https://openalex.org/W2098019918","https://openalex.org/W2099154756","https://openalex.org/W2100419635","https://openalex.org/W2100438118","https://openalex.org/W2102306213","https://openalex.org/W2104217798","https://openalex.org/W2104373244","https://openalex.org/W2104895009","https://openalex.org/W2105842272","https://openalex.org/W2107126505","https://openalex.org/W2110822809","https://openalex.org/W2111094216","https://openalex.org/W2112329501","https://openalex.org/W2113640060","https://openalex.org/W2116008435","https://openalex.org/W2117075666","https://openalex.org/W2117955471","https://openalex.org/W2118573581","https://openalex.org/W2123263490","https://openalex.org/W2123403011","https://openalex.org/W2124814993","https://openalex.org/W2131381130","https://openalex.org/W2131681506","https://openalex.org/W2132314908","https://openalex.org/W2132577486","https://openalex.org/W2144807535","https://openalex.org/W2146832283","https://openalex.org/W2148367931","https://openalex.org/W2150662514","https://openalex.org/W2152228468","https://openalex.org/W2153190022","https://openalex.org/W2153248125","https://openalex.org/W2154724067","https://openalex.org/W2155912844","https://openalex.org/W2156855846","https://openalex.org/W2157128462","https://openalex.org/W2159155347","https://openalex.org/W2160555926","https://openalex.org/W2161547991","https://openalex.org/W2163200373","https://openalex.org/W2165092157","https://openalex.org/W2167213856","https://openalex.org/W2168469656","https://openalex.org/W2170741935","https://openalex.org/W2171161922","https://openalex.org/W2184475823","https://openalex.org/W2310516540","https://openalex.org/W2320976561","https://openalex.org/W2403052646","https://openalex.org/W2404188968","https://openalex.org/W2785025356","https://openalex.org/W2794048983","https://openalex.org/W2916928529","https://openalex.org/W2917634187","https://openalex.org/W2922072599","https://openalex.org/W3102703386","https://openalex.org/W3138773240","https://openalex.org/W3183881215","https://openalex.org/W4205324931","https://openalex.org/W4206765718","https://openalex.org/W4211080241","https://openalex.org/W4231510805","https://openalex.org/W4239962780","https://openalex.org/W4245150116","https://openalex.org/W4246858749","https://openalex.org/W4246871670","https://openalex.org/W4252076394","https://openalex.org/W4254087122","https://openalex.org/W4290379643","https://openalex.org/W4297970688","https://openalex.org/W4302999816","https://openalex.org/W4383480032"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312472185","https://openalex.org/W2382761395","https://openalex.org/W2358904772","https://openalex.org/W4301410663","https://openalex.org/W2897048536","https://openalex.org/W2480512091","https://openalex.org/W2741848782","https://openalex.org/W4244584629","https://openalex.org/W2358077339","https://openalex.org/W1899414207"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ranking":[0],"in":[1,125,133,149],"information":[2,20,39,74],"retrieval":[3],"has":[4],"been":[5,63],"traditionally":[6],"approached":[7],"as":[8,30,143,145],"a":[9,36,77,108],"pursuit":[10],"of":[11,35,111,152],"relevant":[12],"information,":[13],"under":[14],"the":[15,18,71,84,95,99,112,121,126,150],"assumption":[16],"that":[17],"users\u2019":[19],"needs":[21,75],"are":[22],"unambiguously":[23],"conveyed":[24],"by":[25],"their":[26],"submitted":[27],"queries.":[28],"Nevertheless,":[29],"an":[31,103],"inherently":[32],"limited":[33],"representation":[34],"more":[37],"complex":[38],"need,":[40],"every":[41],"query":[42,55,105],"can":[43],"arguably":[44],"be":[45],"considered":[46],"ambiguous":[47,104],"to":[48,53,65,69],"some":[49],"extent.":[50],"In":[51,79,91,117],"order":[52],"tackle":[54],"ambiguity,":[56],"search":[57,88,100,113,135,153],"result":[58,89,114,154],"diversification":[59,115],"approaches":[60,124],"have":[61],"recently":[62],"proposed":[64],"produce":[66],"rankings":[67],"aimed":[68],"satisfy":[70],"multiple":[72,134],"possible":[73],"underlying":[76],"query.":[78],"this":[80],"survey,":[81],"we":[82,93,119,138],"review":[83],"published":[85],"literature":[86,127],"on":[87],"diversification.":[90,155],"particular,":[92],"discuss":[94,140],"motivations":[96],"for":[97,102,128],"diversifying":[98],"results":[101],"and":[106,130],"provide":[107],"formal":[109],"definition":[110],"problem.":[116],"addition,":[118],"describe":[120],"most":[122],"successful":[123],"producing":[129],"evaluating":[131],"diversity":[132],"domains.":[136],"Finally,":[137],"also":[139],"recent":[141],"advances":[142],"well":[144],"open":[146],"research":[147],"directions":[148],"field":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T06:10:10.580331","created_date":"2022-01-26T00:00:00"}