{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1475732121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1561/106.00000003","title":"The Graph Structure in the Web \u2212 Analyzed on Different Aggregation Levels","display_name":"The Graph Structure in the Web \u2212 Analyzed on Different Aggregation Levels","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-08-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1475732121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1561/106.00000003","mag":"1475732121"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1561/106.00000003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1561/106.00000003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209742","display_name":"The Journal of Web Science","issn_l":"2332-4031","issn":["2332-4031"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318575","host_organization_name":"Now Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318575"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Now Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Web Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1561/106.00000003","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047915112","display_name":"Robert Meusel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177802217","display_name":"University of Mannheim","ror":"https://ror.org/031bsb921","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert Meusel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data and Web Science Group, University of Mannheim ,","Data and Web Science Group, University of Mannheim, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data and Web Science Group, University of Mannheim ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data and Web Science Group, University of Mannheim, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sebastiano Vigna","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastiano Vigna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Web Algorithmics, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Web Algorithmics, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Oliver Lehmberg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177802217","display_name":"University of Mannheim","ror":"https://ror.org/031bsb921","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oliver Lehmberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data and Web Science Group, University of Mannheim ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data and Web Science Group, University of Mannheim ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Christian Bizer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177802217","display_name":"University of Mannheim","ror":"https://ror.org/031bsb921","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Bizer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data and Web Science Group, University of Mannheim ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data and Web Science Group, University of Mannheim ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047915112"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":29.5326,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":99,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99386083,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"1","first_page":"33","last_page":"47"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.7940999865531921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.7940999865531921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13976","display_name":"Web visibility and informetrics","score":0.1273999959230423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.010700000450015068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5500317215919495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5136646628379822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.39675480127334595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3897375166416168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.1963464617729187}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5500317215919495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5136646628379822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.39675480127334595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3897375166416168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.1963464617729187}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1561/106.00000003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1561/106.00000003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209742","display_name":"The Journal of Web Science","issn_l":"2332-4031","issn":["2332-4031"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318575","host_organization_name":"Now Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318575"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Now Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Web Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:air.unimi.it:2434/372411","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2434/372411","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400516","display_name":"Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","host_organization_name":"University of Milan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ub-madoc.bib.uni-mannheim.de:39481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.nowpublishers.com/article/Details/JWS-0003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196315","display_name":"MADOC (University of Mannheim)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177802217","host_organization_name":"University of Mannheim","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Zeitschriftenartikel"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1561/106.00000003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1561/106.00000003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209742","display_name":"The Journal of Web Science","issn_l":"2332-4031","issn":["2332-4031"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318575","host_organization_name":"Now Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318575"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Now Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Web Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310598","display_name":"Amazon Web Services","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338370","display_name":"FP7 Information and Communication Technologies","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W78948319","https://openalex.org/W1548238936","https://openalex.org/W1554174952","https://openalex.org/W1583544304","https://openalex.org/W1854214752","https://openalex.org/W1971892934","https://openalex.org/W1976334448","https://openalex.org/W1987236914","https://openalex.org/W1987365175","https://openalex.org/W1994727615","https://openalex.org/W2000042664","https://openalex.org/W2017274979","https://openalex.org/W2050571115","https://openalex.org/W2068446585","https://openalex.org/W2070472314","https://openalex.org/W2088856850","https://openalex.org/W2089800021","https://openalex.org/W2098690446","https://openalex.org/W2111023939","https://openalex.org/W2132749631","https://openalex.org/W2134784378","https://openalex.org/W2157635833","https://openalex.org/W2170582301","https://openalex.org/W2270949707","https://openalex.org/W2953204146","https://openalex.org/W3037267426","https://openalex.org/W3103362336","https://openalex.org/W3122813951","https://openalex.org/W3124525448","https://openalex.org/W3157881329"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2130043461","https://openalex.org/W2530322880","https://openalex.org/W1596801655"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Knowledge":[0],"about":[1],"the":[2,7,15,63,94,137,152,164,206,211,224,229,241,255,267,307,322],"general":[3],"graph":[4,49,70,271],"structure":[5,95],"of":[6,36,96,108,136,151,166,195,231,240,250,257,262,266,312,324],"World":[8],"Wide":[9],"Web":[10],"is":[11,220,235],"important":[12],"for":[13,22,26,32,282,306],"understanding":[14],"social":[16],"mechanisms":[17],"that":[18,59,197,201,210,254,319],"govern":[19],"its":[20,37],"growth,":[21],"designing":[23],"ranking":[24],"methods,":[25],"devising":[27],"better":[28],"crawling":[29,153,225],"algorithms,":[30],"and":[31,77,83,93,112,189,227,247,260,269,328],"creating":[33],"accurate":[34,310],"models":[35],"structure.":[38],"In":[39],"this":[40],"paper,":[41],"we":[42,172,293],"analyze":[43,82],"a":[44,53,167,237,299],"large":[45,54],"web":[46,57,75],"graph.":[47],"The":[48,69],"was":[50,60,279],"extracted":[51],"from":[52,205],"publicly":[55],"accessible":[56],"crawl":[58,326],"gathered":[61],"by":[62,128,141,177,216],"Common":[64],"Crawl":[65],"Foundation":[66],"in":[67],"2012.":[68],"covers":[71],"over":[72],"3.5":[73],"billion":[74,79],"pages":[76],"128.7":[78],"hyperlinks.":[80],"We":[81,100,162,303],"compare,":[84],"among":[85],"other":[86,156,178],"features,":[87,314],"degree":[88],"distributions,":[89],"connectivity,":[90],"average":[91],"distances,":[92],"weakly/strongly":[97],"connected":[98,170,264],"components.":[99],"conduct":[101],"our":[102,232,325],"analysis":[103,123],"on":[104,149,223],"three":[105],"different":[106,193],"levels":[107],"aggregation:":[109],"page,":[110],"host,":[111],"pay-level":[113,296],"domain":[114],"(PLD)":[115],"(one":[116],"\u201cdot":[117],"level\u201d":[118],"above":[119],"public":[120],"suffixes).":[121],"Our":[122],"shows":[124],"that,":[125],"as":[126,175,214],"evidenced":[127],"previous":[129],"research":[130],"(Serrano":[131],"et":[132,143,181,185,218],"al.,":[133,144,182,186],"2007),":[134],"some":[135],"features":[138],"previously":[139,280],"observed":[140,176],"Broder":[142,217],"2000":[145],"are":[146,272],"very":[147,192],"dependent":[148,222],"artifacts":[150],"process,":[154,226],"whereas":[155],"appear":[157],"to":[158,228,277,321],"be":[159,203,289],"more":[160],"structural.":[161],"confirm":[163],"existence":[165],"giant":[168,207],"strongly":[169,221,263],"component;":[171],"however":[173],"find,":[174],"researchers":[179],"(Donato":[180],"2005;":[183],"Boldi":[184],"2002;":[187],"Baeza-Yates":[188],"Poblete,":[190],"2003),":[191],"proportions":[194],"nodes":[196],"can":[198,202],"reach":[199],"or":[200],"reached":[204],"component,":[208],"suggesting":[209],"\u201cbow-tie":[212],"structure\u201d":[213],"described":[215],"al.":[219],"best":[230],"current":[233],"knowledge":[234],"not":[236,273],"structural":[238],"property":[239],"Web.":[242],"More":[243],"importantly,":[244],"statistical":[245],"testing":[246],"visual":[248],"inspection":[249],"size-rank":[251],"plots":[252],"show":[253],"distributions":[256],"indegree,":[258],"outdegree":[259],"sizes":[261],"components":[265],"page":[268],"host":[270],"power":[274,300],"laws,":[275],"contrarily":[276],"what":[278],"reported":[281],"much":[283],"smaller":[284],"crawls,":[285],"although":[286],"they":[287],"might":[288],"heavy":[290],"tailed.":[291],"If":[292],"aggregate":[294],"at":[295],"domain,":[297],"however,":[298],"law":[301],"emerges.":[302],"also":[304],"provide":[305],"first":[308],"time":[309],"measurement":[311],"distance-based":[313],"using":[315],"recently":[316],"introduced":[317],"algorithms":[318],"scale":[320],"size":[323],"(Boldi":[327],"Vigna,":[329],"2013).":[330]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}