{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3197078264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1561/0600000096","title":"Deep Learning for Multimedia Forensics","display_name":"Deep Learning for Multimedia Forensics","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3197078264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1561/0600000096","mag":"3197078264"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1561/0600000096","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1561/0600000096","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83210289","display_name":"Foundations and Trends\u00ae in Computer Graphics and Vision","issn_l":"1572-2740","issn":["1572-2740","1572-2759"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318575","host_organization_name":"Now Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318575"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Now Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Foundations and Trends\u00ae in Computer Graphics and Vision","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1561/0600000096","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030121038","display_name":"Irene Amerini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6461-1391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irene Amerini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sapienza University of Rome ,","Sapienza University of Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sapienza University of Rome ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sapienza University of Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000949710","display_name":"Aris Anagnostopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9183-7911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aris Anagnostopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sapienza University of Rome ,","Sapienza University of Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sapienza University of Rome ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sapienza University of Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066029199","display_name":"Luca Maiano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7969-7821"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149001","display_name":"ElSohly Laboratories (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04c1def54","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149001"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Maiano","raw_affiliation_strings":["ELIS Innovation Hub ,","Sapienza University of Rome ,","Sapienza University of Rome and ELIS Innovation Hub, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ELIS Innovation Hub ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149001"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sapienza University of Rome ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sapienza University of Rome and ELIS Innovation Hub, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081098143","display_name":"Lorenzo Ricciardi Celsi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3809-8886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122499","display_name":"Business Innovation Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/038n1rk38","country_code":"IT","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122499"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149001","display_name":"ElSohly Laboratories (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04c1def54","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149001"]}],"countries":["IT","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lorenzo Ricciardi Celsi","raw_affiliation_strings":["ELIS Innovation Hub ,","ELIS Innovation Hub, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ELIS Innovation Hub ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149001"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ELIS Innovation Hub, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122499"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5075,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8474489,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"4","first_page":"309","last_page":"457"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9837999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13877","display_name":"Law in Society and Culture","score":0.9659000039100647,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6140954494476318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.6088189482688904}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6140954494476318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.6088189482688904}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1561/0600000096","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1561/0600000096","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83210289","display_name":"Foundations and Trends\u00ae in Computer Graphics and Vision","issn_l":"1572-2740","issn":["1572-2740","1572-2759"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318575","host_organization_name":"Now Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318575"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Now Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Foundations and Trends\u00ae in Computer Graphics and Vision","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.uniroma1.it:11573/1622955","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11573/1622955","pdf_url":"https://iris.uniroma1.it/bitstream/11573/1622955/3/Amerini_Deep-Learning_2021.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196107","display_name":"IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1561/0600000096","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1561/0600000096","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83210289","display_name":"Foundations and Trends\u00ae in Computer Graphics and Vision","issn_l":"1572-2740","issn":["1572-2740","1572-2759"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318575","host_organization_name":"Now Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318575"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Now Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Foundations and Trends\u00ae in Computer Graphics and Vision","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W2124695272","https://openalex.org/W3003424563","https://openalex.org/W3102373040","https://openalex.org/W3133672610"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2130043461","https://openalex.org/W2530322880","https://openalex.org/W1596801655"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,144],"the":[1,12,18,25,65,120,131,150,164,173,184,197,200,210,227,252,260,278],"last":[2,132],"two":[3],"decades,":[4],"we":[5,147,193,224,240,250,275],"have":[6,255],"witnessed":[7],"an":[8],"immense":[9],"increase":[10],"in":[11,130,139,163,234,265],"use":[13,138,241],"of":[14,41,67,85,101,122,127,166,175,199,214,262],"multimedia":[15,123,140,167],"content":[16,46,245,267],"on":[17,98,195,220],"internet,":[19],"for":[20,50,72],"multiple":[21],"applications":[22],"ranging":[23],"from":[24],"most":[26,228,279],"innocuous":[27],"to":[28,38,60,88,119,136,157,188,196,242,258,269],"very":[29],"critical":[30],"ones.":[31],"Naturally,":[32],"this":[33,45,145],"emergence":[34],"has":[35,84,116,134,232],"given":[36,117],"rise":[37,118],"many":[39],"types":[40],"threats":[42,92],"posed":[43],"when":[44],"can":[47,57],"be":[48,58],"manipulated/used":[49],"malicious":[51],"purposes.":[52],"For":[53,272],"example,":[54],"fake":[55],"media":[56],"used":[59,284],"drive":[61],"personal":[62],"opinions,":[63],"ruining":[64],"image":[66,216],"a":[68,99],"public":[69],"figure,":[70],"or":[71],"criminal":[73],"activities":[74],"such":[75,103],"as":[76,104,142,207,209],"terrorist":[77],"propaganda":[78],"and":[79,108,113,153,177,204,217,268,282],"cyberbullying.":[80],"The":[81,125],"research":[82,112],"community":[83],"course":[86],"moved":[87],"counter":[89,189],"attack":[90],"these":[91,190],"by":[93,171],"designing":[94],"manipulation-detection":[95],"systems":[96],"based":[97],"variety":[100],"techniques,":[102],"signal":[105],"processing,":[106],"statistics,":[107],"machine":[109],"learning.":[110],"This":[111],"practice":[114],"activity":[115],"field":[121,165],"forensics.":[124,168],"success":[126],"deep":[128],"learning":[129],"decade":[133],"led":[135],"its":[137],"forensics":[141],"well.":[143],"survey,":[146],"look":[148,225],"at":[149,226],"latest":[151],"trends":[152],"deep-learning-based":[154],"techniques":[155],"introduced":[156,257],"solve":[158],"three":[159],"main":[160],"questions":[161],"investigated":[162],"We":[169],"begin":[170],"examining":[172],"manipulations":[174],"images":[176],"videos":[178],"produced":[179],"with":[180],"editing":[181],"tools,":[182],"reporting":[183],"deep-learning":[185],"approaches":[186],"adopted":[187],"attacks.":[191],"Next,":[192],"move":[194],"issue":[198],"source":[201],"camera":[202],"model":[203],"device":[205],"identification,":[206],"well":[208],"more":[211],"recent":[212,229,235],"problem":[213],"monitoring":[215],"video":[218],"sharing":[219],"social":[221],"media.":[222],"Finally,":[223],"challenge":[230],"that":[231,254],"emerged":[233],"years:":[236],"recognizing":[237],"deepfakes,":[238],"which":[239],"describe":[243],"any":[244],"generated":[246],"using":[247],"artificial-intelligence":[248],"techniques;":[249],"present":[251],"methods":[253],"been":[256],"show":[259],"existence":[261],"traces":[263],"left":[264],"deepfake":[266],"detect":[270],"them.":[271],"each":[273],"problem,":[274],"also":[276],"report":[277],"popular":[280],"metrics":[281],"datasets":[283],"today.":[285]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2021-09-13T00:00:00"}