{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2914980053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1561/0100000060","title":"Raptor Codes","display_name":"Raptor Codes","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-05-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2914980053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1561/0100000060","mag":"2914980053"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1561/0100000060","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1561/0100000060","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S70831867","display_name":"Foundations and Trends\u00ae in Communications and Information Theory","issn_l":"1567-2190","issn":["1567-2190","1567-2328"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318575","host_organization_name":"Now Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318575"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Now Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Foundations and Trends\u00ae in Communications and Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/210333","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058641647","display_name":"Amin Shokrollahi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7938-7022"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amin Shokrollahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["EPFL , Station 14, Lausanne 1015,","EPFL, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EPFL , Station 14, Lausanne 1015,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"EPFL, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Michael Luby","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19268510","display_name":"Qualcomm (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/04d3djg48","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19268510","https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087596","display_name":"Qualcomm (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Luby","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qualcomm, Inc. , 3195 Kifer Road, Santa Clara, CA 95051,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qualcomm, Inc. , 3195 Kifer Road, Santa Clara, CA 95051,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596","https://openalex.org/I19268510"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058641647"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.3759,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":287,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99512169,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"3-4","first_page":"213","last_page":"322"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raptor-code","display_name":"Raptor code","score":0.7409675121307373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5157973766326904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-code","display_name":"Block code","score":0.1876419484615326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17738059163093567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-code","display_name":"Linear code","score":0.15582481026649475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.09173762798309326}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101252705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7294373","display_name":"Raptor code","level":5,"score":0.7409675121307373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5157973766326904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157125643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q884707","display_name":"Block code","level":3,"score":0.1876419484615326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17738059163093567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2400350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1752667","display_name":"Linear code","level":4,"score":0.15582481026649475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.09173762798309326}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1561/0100000060","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1561/0100000060","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S70831867","display_name":"Foundations and Trends\u00ae in Communications and Information Theory","issn_l":"1567-2190","issn":["1567-2190","1567-2328"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318575","host_organization_name":"Now Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318575"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Now Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Foundations and Trends\u00ae in Communications and Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:210333","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/210333","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:210333","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/210333","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W143153632","https://openalex.org/W1502078890","https://openalex.org/W1674145689","https://openalex.org/W1939057656","https://openalex.org/W2029712200","https://openalex.org/W2044338030","https://openalex.org/W2053148809","https://openalex.org/W2115104320","https://openalex.org/W2128765501","https://openalex.org/W2134247456","https://openalex.org/W2140655888","https://openalex.org/W2152252113","https://openalex.org/W2161342511","https://openalex.org/W2164773404","https://openalex.org/W2167428378","https://openalex.org/W2233344468","https://openalex.org/W2296600582"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880","https://openalex.org/W1596801655","https://openalex.org/W2774872427"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"monograph":[1,63],"describes":[2],"the":[3,12,15,20,48,55,66,71,76,103,184,191,194,200,225],"theory":[4],"behind":[5,14],"Raptor":[6,88,147],"codes,":[7,122],"and":[8,30,44,87,92,116,151,157,168,220],"elucidates":[9],"elements":[10],"of":[11,17,19,24,27,41,50,57,59,68,70,78,107,120,142,146,166,199,203,215,218,227],"processes":[13],"design":[16,195,210],"two":[18],"most":[21,104],"prominent":[22],"members":[23],"this":[25,60,204,209],"class":[26],"codes:":[28],"R10":[29,33,150,219],"RaptorQ":[31],"(RQ).":[32],"has":[34],"already":[35],"been":[36,155],"adopted":[37,162],"by":[38],"a":[39,128,164],"number":[40,165],"standards'":[42,185],"bodies,":[43],"RQ":[45,152,221],"is":[46,135,138,206],"in":[47,230],"process":[49],"entering":[51],"various":[52,118],"standards":[53,167],"at":[54],"time":[56],"writing":[58],"monograph.":[61],"The":[62,149],"starts":[64],"with":[65],"description":[67],"some":[69],"transmission":[72],"problems,":[73],"which":[74,137],"inspired":[75],"invention":[77],"Fountain":[79,108],"codes.":[80,109,148,182],"Thereafter,":[81],"Luby":[82],"transform":[83],"codes":[84,89,100,153,222,229],"(LT":[85],"codes)":[86],"are":[90,94,101,112,171],"introduced":[91,113],"insights":[93],"provided":[95],"into":[96,163,190],"their":[97,124],"design.":[98],"These":[99],"currently":[102],"efficient":[105],"realizations":[106],"Different":[110],"algorithms":[111],"for":[114,193],"encoding":[115],"decoding":[117,130],"versions":[119],"these":[121,181,228],"including":[123],"systematic":[125],"versions.":[126],"Moreover,":[127],"hybrid":[129],"algorithm":[131],"called":[132],"\u201cinactivation":[133],"decoding\u201d":[134],"introduced,":[136],"an":[139],"integral":[140],"part":[141],"all":[143],"modern":[144],"implementations":[145],"have":[154],"continued":[156],"will":[158],"continue":[159],"to":[160,179,207,223],"be":[161],"thus":[169],"there":[170],"publicly":[172],"available":[173],"specifications":[174,186],"that":[175],"describe":[176],"exactly":[177],"how":[178],"implement":[180],"However,":[183],"provide":[187,208,213],"no":[188],"insight":[189],"rationale":[192],"choices":[196],"made.":[197],"One":[198],"primary":[201],"purposes":[202],"document":[205],"rationale.":[211],"We":[212],"results":[214],"extensive":[216],"simulations":[217],"show":[224],"behavior":[226],"many":[231],"different":[232],"scenarios.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-06-05T09:01:59.212387","created_date":"2019-02-21T00:00:00"}
