{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415420863","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15439/2025f1481","title":"Optimizing the Optimizer: An Example Showing the Power of LLM Code Generation","display_name":"Optimizing the Optimizer: An Example Showing the Power of LLM Code Generation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415420863","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15439/2025f1481"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.15439/2025f1481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15439/2025f1481","pdf_url":"https://annals-csis.org/Volume_43/drp/pdf/1481.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651875","display_name":"Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems","issn_l":"2300-5963","issn":["2300-5963"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317484","host_organization_name":"Polskie Towarzystwo Informatyczne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317484"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Polskie Towarzystwo Informatyczne"],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://annals-csis.org/Volume_43/drp/pdf/1481.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092217308","display_name":"Camilo Chac\u00f3n Sartori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8543-9893"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131846","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03c0ach84","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210131846"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Camilo Chac\u00f3n Sartori","raw_affiliation_strings":["-8543-9893 Artificial Intelligence Research Institute (IIIA-CSIC) Campus UAB , Bellaterra , 08193 Barcelona , Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8543-9893","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"-8543-9893 Artificial Intelligence Research Institute (IIIA-CSIC) Campus UAB , Bellaterra , 08193 Barcelona , Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131846"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051233439","display_name":"Christian Blum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1736-3559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131846","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03c0ach84","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210131846"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Blum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence Research Institute (IIIA-CSIC) Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1736-3559","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence Research Institute (IIIA-CSIC) Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131846"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131846"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.386,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8343015,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":null,"first_page":"47","last_page":"57"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.5401999950408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.48829999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.3001999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-generation","display_name":"Code generation","score":0.25200000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/troubleshooting","display_name":"Troubleshooting","score":0.2451000064611435}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5996999740600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5401999950408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.48829999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3001999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2955000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133162039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061077","display_name":"Code generation","level":3,"score":0.25200000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.24799999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.24709999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147494362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2078905","display_name":"Troubleshooting","level":2,"score":0.2451000064611435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.24310000240802765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.15439/2025f1481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15439/2025f1481","pdf_url":"https://annals-csis.org/Volume_43/drp/pdf/1481.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651875","display_name":"Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems","issn_l":"2300-5963","issn":["2300-5963"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317484","host_organization_name":"Polskie Towarzystwo Informatyczne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317484"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Polskie Towarzystwo Informatyczne"],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/418587","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10261/418587","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400616","display_name":"DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I134820265","host_organization_name":"Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:746b592342ac4bcd9985cf26b7f6b78d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/746b592342ac4bcd9985cf26b7f6b78d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Annals of computer science and information systems, Vol 43, Pp 47-57 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.15439/2025f1481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15439/2025f1481","pdf_url":"https://annals-csis.org/Volume_43/drp/pdf/1481.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651875","display_name":"Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems","issn_l":"2300-5963","issn":["2300-5963"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317484","host_organization_name":"Polskie Towarzystwo Informatyczne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317484"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Polskie Towarzystwo Informatyczne"],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2262748287","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3480869486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G425668148","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":".13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5470535847","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2022-136787NB-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7084143925","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/003x0zc53"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415420863.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415420863.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1899797054","https://openalex.org/W2141119792","https://openalex.org/W2151554678","https://openalex.org/W2159427933","https://openalex.org/W4385210979","https://openalex.org/W4385490607","https://openalex.org/W4385572142","https://openalex.org/W4389727268","https://openalex.org/W4394769102","https://openalex.org/W4399601909","https://openalex.org/W4399779369","https://openalex.org/W4401763504","https://openalex.org/W4402480400","https://openalex.org/W4404315857","https://openalex.org/W4404316964","https://openalex.org/W4404782964","https://openalex.org/W4405907176","https://openalex.org/W4409714918","https://openalex.org/W4414913062"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"integration":[1],"of":[2,44,90],"Large":[3],"Language":[4],"Models":[5],"(LLMs)":[6],"into":[7],"optimization":[8,25,54,66],"has":[9],"created":[10],"a":[11,41,52,70],"powerful":[12],"synergy,":[13],"opening":[14],"exciting":[15],"research":[16],"opportunities.This":[17],"paper":[18],"investigates":[19],"how":[20],"LLMs":[21],"can":[22],"enhance":[23],"existing":[24],"algorithms.Using":[26],"their":[27,32],"pre-trained":[28],"knowledge,":[29],"we":[30,50],"demonstrate":[31],"ability":[33],"to":[34],"propose":[35],"innovative":[36],"heuristic":[37,71,82,89],"variations":[38],"based":[39],"on":[40,97],"semantic":[42],"understanding":[43],"the":[45,73,87,93],"algorithm's":[46],"components.To":[47],"evaluate":[48],"this,":[49],"applied":[51],"nontrivial":[53],"algorithm,":[55],"Construct,":[56],"Merge,":[57],"Solve":[58],"&":[59],"Adapt":[60],"(CMSA)-a":[61],"hybrid":[62],"metaheuristic":[63],"for":[64],"combinatorial":[65],"problems":[67],"that":[68,79],"incorporates":[69],"in":[72],"solution":[74],"construction":[75],"phase.Our":[76],"results":[77],"show":[78],"an":[80],"alternative":[81],"proposed":[83],"by":[84],"GPT-4o":[85],"outperforms":[86],"expert-designed":[88],"CMSA,":[91],"with":[92],"performance":[94],"gap":[95],"widening":[96],"larger":[98],"and":[99],"denser":[100],"graphs.":[101]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-29T07:29:34.045763","created_date":"2025-10-24T00:00:00"}